σύρμα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From σύρω (súrō, “to draw, drag, trail”) and the suffix -μα (-ma).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /sýr.ma/ → /ˈsyr.ma/ → /ˈsir.ma/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /sýr.ma/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsyr.ma/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsyr.ma/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsyr.ma/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsir.ma/

Noun

σύρμᾰ • (súrma) n (genitive σύρμᾰτος); third declension

1. Anything trailed or dragged
   1. (Koine sense) A theatric robe with a long train
   2. sweepings, refuse, litter
   3. (medicine) An abrasion, a scaly skin disease
2. A dragging, a trailing motion

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ σῠ́ρμᾰ; τοῦ σῠ́ρμᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ σῠ́ρμᾰ tò súrma	τὼ σῠ́ρμᾰτε tṑ súrmate	τᾰ̀ σῠ́ρμᾰτᾰ tà súrmata
Genitive	τοῦ σῠ́ρμᾰτος toû súrmatos	τοῖν σῠρμᾰ́τοιν toîn surmátoin	τῶν σῠρμᾰ́των tôn surmátōn
Dative	τῷ σῠ́ρμᾰτῐ tôi súrmati	τοῖν σῠρμᾰ́τοιν toîn surmátoin	τοῖς σῠ́ρμᾰσῐ / σῠ́ρμᾰσῐν toîs súrmasi(n)
Accusative	τὸ σῠ́ρμᾰ tò súrma	τὼ σῠ́ρμᾰτε tṑ súrmate	τᾰ̀ σῠ́ρμᾰτᾰ tà súrmata
Vocative	σῠ́ρμᾰ súrma	σῠ́ρμᾰτε súrmate	σῠ́ρμᾰτᾰ súrmata
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• > Byzantine Greek: σύρμα (súrma) (inherited)
  • > Greek: σύρμα (sýrma) (inherited)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: صرمه, صیرمه (sırma); սըրմա (sırma)
    • Turkish: sırma
    • → Albanian: sërmë, sërme
    • → Armenian: սրմա (srma), սիրմա (sirma), սռմա (sṙma), սուրմա (surma); սրմայ (srmay), սիրմայ (sirmay), սռմայ (sṙmay), սուրմայ (surmay)
    • → Bulgarian: съ́рма (sǎ́rma)
    • → Macedonian: ср́ма (sŕma)
    • → Romanian: sîrmă, sârmă
    • → Serbo-Croatian: sŕma / ср́ма
• → Latin: syrma
• → Georgian: სირმა (sirma)

Further reading

• “σύρμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• σύρμα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette

Greek

Etymology

Inherited from Byzantine Greek σύρμα (súrma, “gold or silver thread”), from Koine Greek σύρμα (súrma, “theatric robe with a long train”), from Ancient Greek σύρμα (súrma, “anything trailed or dragged”). From σύρω (súrō, “drag”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsiɾ.ma/
• Hyphenation: σύρ‧μα

Noun

σύρμα • (sýrma) n (plural σύρματα)

1. electrical wire or cable
2. wire (thin flexible metal thread or threads)
3. scourer, metal mesh scouring pad
4. whisk, beater
5. wire netting

Declension

Declension of σύρμα

	singular	plural
nominative	σύρμα •	σύρματα •
genitive	σύρματος •	συρμάτων •
accusative	σύρμα •	σύρματα •
vocative	σύρμα •	σύρματα •

Derived terms

• αγκαθωτό σύρμα n (agkathotó sýrma, “barbed wire”)

Related terms

• ασυρματιστής m (asyrmatistís), ασυρματίστρια f (asyrmatístria)
• ασύρματος (asýrmatos, “wireless”, adjective or masculine noun)
• ατσαλόσυρμα n (atsalósyrma)
• ενσύρματος (ensýrmatos)
• συρματένιος (syrmaténios)
• συρμάτινος (syrmátinos)
• συρματόπλεγμα n (syrmatóplegma, “wire netting”)
• συρματοποιώ (syrmatopoió)
• συρματόσκοινο n (syrmatóskoino, “cable, wire rope”), συρματόσχοινο n (syrmatóschoino)
• συρμάτωση f (syrmátosi) and see: σύρω (sýro, “drag”)