غش

Arabic

Root
غ ش ش (ḡ-š-š)

Verb

غَشَّ • (ḡašša) I, non-past يَغُشُّ‎ (yaḡuššu)

1. to act dishonestly toward someone
2. to cheat, to cheat someone
3. to adulterate

Conjugation

Conjugation of

غَشَّ

(form-I geminate, verbal nouns غِشّ or غَشّ)

verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر						غِشّ or غَشّ ḡišš or ḡašš
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						غَاشّ ḡāšš
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَغْشُوش maḡšūš
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	غَشَشْتُ ḡašaštu	غَشَشْتَ ḡašašta	غَشَّ ḡašša		غَشَشْتُمَا ḡašaštumā	غَشَّا ḡaššā		غَشَشْنَا ḡašašnā	غَشَشْتُمْ ḡašaštum	غَشُّوا ḡaššū
	f		غَشَشْتِ ḡašašti	غَشَّتْ ḡaššat			غَشَّتَا ḡaššatā			غَشَشْتُنَّ ḡašaštunna	غَشَشْنَ ḡašašna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَغُشُّ ʔaḡuššu	تَغُشُّ taḡuššu	يَغُشُّ yaḡuššu		تَغُشَّانِ taḡuššāni	يَغُشَّانِ yaḡuššāni		نَغُشُّ naḡuššu	تَغُشُّونَ taḡuššūna	يَغُشُّونَ yaḡuššūna
	f		تَغُشِّينَ taḡuššīna	تَغُشُّ taḡuššu			تَغُشَّانِ taḡuššāni			تَغْشُشْنَ taḡšušna	يَغْشُشْنَ yaḡšušna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَغُشَّ ʔaḡušša	تَغُشَّ taḡušša	يَغُشَّ yaḡušša		تَغُشَّا taḡuššā	يَغُشَّا yaḡuššā		نَغُشَّ naḡušša	تَغُشُّوا taḡuššū	يَغُشُّوا yaḡuššū
	f		تَغُشِّي taḡuššī	تَغُشَّ taḡušša			تَغُشَّا taḡuššā			تَغْشُشْنَ taḡšušna	يَغْشُشْنَ yaḡšušna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَغُشَّ or أَغُشِّ or أَغْشُشْ ʔaḡušša or ʔaḡušši or ʔaḡšuš	تَغُشَّ or تَغُشِّ or تَغْشُشْ taḡušša or taḡušši or taḡšuš	يَغُشَّ or يَغُشِّ or يَغْشُشْ yaḡušša or yaḡušši or yaḡšuš		تَغُشَّا taḡuššā	يَغُشَّا yaḡuššā		نَغُشَّ or نَغُشِّ or نَغْشُشْ naḡušša or naḡušši or naḡšuš	تَغُشُّوا taḡuššū	يَغُشُّوا yaḡuššū
	f		تَغُشِّي taḡuššī	تَغُشَّ or تَغُشِّ or تَغْشُشْ taḡušša or taḡušši or taḡšuš			تَغُشَّا taḡuššā			تَغْشُشْنَ taḡšušna	يَغْشُشْنَ yaḡšušna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		غُشَّ or غُشِّ or اُغْشُشْ ḡušša or ḡušši or uḡšuš			غُشَّا ḡuššā				غُشُّوا ḡuššū
	f		غُشِّي ḡuššī							اُغْشُشْنَ uḡšušna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	غُشِشْتُ ḡušištu	غُشِشْتَ ḡušišta	غُشَّ ḡušša		غُشِشْتُمَا ḡušištumā	غُشَّا ḡuššā		غُشِشْنَا ḡušišnā	غُشِشْتُمْ ḡušištum	غُشُّوا ḡuššū
	f		غُشِشْتِ ḡušišti	غُشَّتْ ḡuššat			غُشَّتَا ḡuššatā			غُشِشْتُنَّ ḡušištunna	غُشِشْنَ ḡušišna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُغَشُّ ʔuḡaššu	تُغَشُّ tuḡaššu	يُغَشُّ yuḡaššu		تُغَشَّانِ tuḡaššāni	يُغَشَّانِ yuḡaššāni		نُغَشُّ nuḡaššu	تُغَشُّونَ tuḡaššūna	يُغَشُّونَ yuḡaššūna
	f		تُغَشِّينَ tuḡaššīna	تُغَشُّ tuḡaššu			تُغَشَّانِ tuḡaššāni			تُغْشَشْنَ tuḡšašna	يُغْشَشْنَ yuḡšašna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُغَشَّ ʔuḡašša	تُغَشَّ tuḡašša	يُغَشَّ yuḡašša		تُغَشَّا tuḡaššā	يُغَشَّا yuḡaššā		نُغَشَّ nuḡašša	تُغَشُّوا tuḡaššū	يُغَشُّوا yuḡaššū
	f		تُغَشِّي tuḡaššī	تُغَشَّ tuḡašša			تُغَشَّا tuḡaššā			تُغْشَشْنَ tuḡšašna	يُغْشَشْنَ yuḡšašna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُغَشَّ or أُغَشِّ or أُغْشَشْ ʔuḡašša or ʔuḡašši or ʔuḡšaš	تُغَشَّ or تُغَشِّ or تُغْشَشْ tuḡašša or tuḡašši or tuḡšaš	يُغَشَّ or يُغَشِّ or يُغْشَشْ yuḡašša or yuḡašši or yuḡšaš		تُغَشَّا tuḡaššā	يُغَشَّا yuḡaššā		نُغَشَّ or نُغَشِّ or نُغْشَشْ nuḡašša or nuḡašši or nuḡšaš	تُغَشُّوا tuḡaššū	يُغَشُّوا yuḡaššū
	f		تُغَشِّي tuḡaššī	تُغَشَّ or تُغَشِّ or تُغْشَشْ tuḡašša or tuḡašši or tuḡšaš			تُغَشَّا tuḡaššā			تُغْشَشْنَ tuḡšašna	يُغْشَشْنَ yuḡšašna

Noun

غَشّ • (ḡašš) m

1. verbal noun of غَشَّ (ḡašša) (form I)
2. adulteration, corruption, debasement
3. fraud, deceit

Declension

Declension of noun غَشّ (ḡašš)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	غَشّ ḡašš	الْغَشّ al-ḡašš	غَشّ ḡašš
Nominative	غَشٌّ ḡaššun	الْغَشُّ al-ḡaššu	غَشُّ ḡaššu
Accusative	غَشًّا ḡaššan	الْغَشَّ al-ḡašša	غَشَّ ḡašša
Genitive	غَشٍّ ḡaššin	الْغَشِّ al-ḡašši	غَشِّ ḡašši

Noun

غِشّ • (ḡišš) m

1. verbal noun of غَشَّ (ḡašša) (form I)
2. disloyalty, perfidy
3. deceit, fraud, imposture
4. cheating, academic dishonesty

Declension

Declension of noun غِشّ (ḡišš)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	غِشّ ḡišš	الْغِشّ al-ḡišš	غِشّ ḡišš
Nominative	غِشٌّ ḡiššun	الْغِشُّ al-ḡiššu	غِشُّ ḡiššu
Accusative	غِشًّا ḡiššan	الْغِشَّ al-ḡišša	غِشَّ ḡišša
Genitive	غِشٍّ ḡiššin	الْغِشِّ al-ḡišši	غِشِّ ḡišši

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979) “غش”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 789

Burushaski

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʁaɕu]

Noun

غش (ġaśu)

1. onion

References

• Bechtholdt, Astrid (2024) “ghashu”, in Burushaski Hunza Dictionary (Webonary) (in Burushaski), Dallas, Texas, USA: SIL International, published 2017: “(in Latin script)”.

Moroccan Arabic

Root
غ ش ش
1 term

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣaʃː/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Arabic غَشَّ (ḡašša).

Verb

غش • (ḡašš) I (non-past يغش (yḡušš))

1. to cheat, to cheat someone

Conjugation

Conjugation of غش
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	غشّيت (ḡaššīt)	غشّيتي (ḡaššīti)	غشّ (ḡašš)		غشّينا (ḡaššīna)	غشّيتوا (ḡaššītu)	غشّوا (ḡaššu)
	f			غشّت (ḡaššāt)
non-past	m	نغشّ (nḡušš)	تغشّ (tḡušš)	يغشّ (yḡušš)		نغشّوا (nḡuššu)	تغشّوا (tḡuššu)	يغشّوا (yḡuššu)
	f		تغشّي (tḡušši)	تغشّ (tḡušš)
imperative	m		غشّ (ḡušš)				غشّوا (ḡuššu)
	f		غشّي (ḡušši)

Etymology 2

From Arabic ّغِشّ.

Noun

غش • (ḡašš) m

1. deceit, fraud, imposture
2. cheating, academic dishonesty

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic غَشْي (ḡašy).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɣaʃ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɣäʃ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɣäʃ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɣäʃ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɣäʃ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [qæʃ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʁäʃ]

Readings
Classical reading?	ğaš
Dari reading?	ğaš
Iranian reading?	ğaš
Tajik reading?	ġaš

Noun

غش • (ğaš)

1. faint, swoon

Derived terms

• غش کردن

South Levantine Arabic

Root
غ ش ش
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic غَشَّ (ḡašša).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣaʃʃ/, [ɣaʃ]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

غشّ • (ḡašš) I (present بغشّ (biḡošš))

1. to cheat, to deceive

Conjugation

Conjugation of غشّ (ḡašš)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	غشّيت (ḡaššēt)	غشّيت (ḡaššēt)	غشّ (ḡašš)		غشّينا (ḡaššēna)	غشّيتو (ḡaššētu)	غشّو (ḡaššu)
	f		غشّيتي (ḡaššēti)	غشّت (ḡaššat)
present	m	بغشّ (baḡošš)	بتغشّ (bitḡošš)	بغشّ (biḡošš)		منغشّ (minḡošš)	بتغشّو (bitḡoššu)	بغشّو (biḡoššu)
	f		بتغشّي (bitḡošši)	بتغشّ (bitḡošš)
subjunctive	m	اغشّ (aḡošš)	تغشّ (tḡošš)	يغشّ (yḡošš)		نغشّ (nḡošš)	تغشّو (tḡoššu)	يغشّو (yḡoššu)
	f		تغشّي (tḡošši)	تغشّ (tḡošš)
imperative	m		غشّ (ḡošš)				غشّو (ḡoššu)
	f		غشّي (ḡošši)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian غش (ğaš), from Arabic غَشْي (ḡašy).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɣəʃ/

Noun

غَش • (ğaš) m (Hindi spelling ग़श)

1. fainting, stupor, unconsciousness
2. faintness, swoon
3. in love

References

• “غش”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “غش”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.