ἰσχύω

See also: ισχύω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἰσχῡ́ς (iskhū́s, “strength”) +‎ -ω (-ō).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /is.kʰy̌ː.ɔː/ → /isˈçy.o/ → /isˈçi.o/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /is.kʰy̌ː.ɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /isˈkʰy.o/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /isˈçy.o/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /isˈçy.o/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /isˈçi.o/

later

 

• IPA^(key): /is.kʰý.ɔː/ → /isˈçy.o/ → /isˈçi.o/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /is.kʰý.ɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /isˈkʰy.o/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /isˈçy.o/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /isˈçy.o/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /isˈçi.o/

Verb

ἰσχῡ́ω or ἰσχῠ́ω • (iskhū́ō or iskhúō)

1. to be physically strong
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 234
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 6.1.24
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 502
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 2.7.7
   • 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, On the Murder of Herodes 93
   • 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 357
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 6.4.18
2. to be strong, mighty, powerful, to prevail
   • 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 510
   • 424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 1188
   • 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 1607
   • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Psalms 12.4
   • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, 1 Maccabees 10.49
   • 408 BCE, Euripides, Orestes 903
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.46
   • 349 BCE, Demosthenes, Second Olynthiac 9
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.143
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.13
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.47
   • 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, On the Embassy 2
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Nausimachus and Xenopeithes 20
   1. (not of persons) to prevail
      • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 621
      • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 356
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Pantaenetus 59
      • 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 241
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Aristogiton 1 71
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1280A.28
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Accession of Alexander 9
      • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, 2 Chronicles 2.6
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Pompey 58
      • 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 14.2.28
      • The Gospel of Mark 5:4
      • 40 CE – 115 CE, Dio Chrysostom, Collected Works 33.22
3. to be worth
   • 93 CE – 94 CE, Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 14.7.1
   • 90 CE – 168 CE, Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos 134
   • 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 5.26.13

Inflection

   Present: ἰσχῡ́ω, ἰσχῡ́ομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἰσχῡ́ω	ἰσχῡ́εις	ἰσχῡ́ει	ἰσχῡ́ετον	ἰσχῡ́ετον	ἰσχῡ́ομεν	ἰσχῡ́ετε	ἰσχῡ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἰσχῡ́ω	ἰσχῡ́ῃς	ἰσχῡ́ῃ	ἰσχῡ́ητον	ἰσχῡ́ητον	ἰσχῡ́ωμεν	ἰσχῡ́ητε	ἰσχῡ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἰσχῡ́οιμῐ	ἰσχῡ́οις	ἰσχῡ́οι	ἰσχῡ́οιτον	ἰσχῡοίτην	ἰσχῡ́οιμεν	ἰσχῡ́οιτε	ἰσχῡ́οιεν
	imperative		ἴσχῡε	ἰσχῡέτω	ἰσχῡ́ετον	ἰσχῡέτων		ἰσχῡ́ετε	ἰσχῡόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἰσχῡ́ομαι	ἰσχῡ́ῃ, ἰσχῡ́ει	ἰσχῡ́εται	ἰσχῡ́εσθον	ἰσχῡ́εσθον	ἰσχῡόμεθᾰ	ἰσχῡ́εσθε	ἰσχῡ́ονται
	subjunctive	ἰσχῡ́ωμαι	ἰσχῡ́ῃ	ἰσχῡ́ηται	ἰσχῡ́ησθον	ἰσχῡ́ησθον	ἰσχῡώμεθᾰ	ἰσχῡ́ησθε	ἰσχῡ́ωνται
	optative	ἰσχῡοίμην	ἰσχῡ́οιο	ἰσχῡ́οιτο	ἰσχῡ́οισθον	ἰσχῡοίσθην	ἰσχῡοίμεθᾰ	ἰσχῡ́οισθε	ἰσχῡ́οιντο
	imperative		ἰσχῡ́ου	ἰσχῡέσθω	ἰσχῡ́εσθον	ἰσχῡέσθων		ἰσχῡ́εσθε	ἰσχῡέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἰσχῡ́ειν				ἰσχῡ́εσθαι
participle	m	ἰσχῡ́ων				ἰσχῡόμενος
	f	ἰσχῡ́ουσᾰ				ἰσχῡομένη
	n	ἰσχῦον				ἰσχῡόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Present: ἰσχῠ́ω, ἰσχῠ́ομαι (Later poetic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἰσχῠ́ω	ἰσχῠ́εις	ἰσχῠ́ει	ἰσχῠ́ετον	ἰσχῠ́ετον	ἰσχῠ́ομεν	ἰσχῠ́ετε	ἰσχῠ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἰσχῠ́ω	ἰσχῠ́ῃς	ἰσχῠ́ῃ	ἰσχῠ́ητον	ἰσχῠ́ητον	ἰσχῠ́ωμεν	ἰσχῠ́ητε	ἰσχῠ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἰσχῠ́οιμῐ	ἰσχῠ́οις	ἰσχῠ́οι	ἰσχῠ́οιτον	ἰσχῠοίτην	ἰσχῠ́οιμεν	ἰσχῠ́οιτε	ἰσχῠ́οιεν
	imperative		ἴσχῠε	ἰσχῠέτω	ἰσχῠ́ετον	ἰσχῠέτων		ἰσχῠ́ετε	ἰσχῠόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἰσχῠ́ομαι	ἰσχῠ́εαι	ἰσχῠ́εται	ἰσχῠ́εσθον	ἰσχῠ́εσθον	ἰσχῠόμεθᾰ	ἰσχῠ́εσθε	ἰσχῠ́ονται
	subjunctive	ἰσχῠ́ωμαι	ἰσχῠ́ηαι	ἰσχῠ́ηται	ἰσχῠ́ησθον	ἰσχῠ́ησθον	ἰσχῠώμεθᾰ	ἰσχῠ́ησθε	ἰσχῠ́ωνται
	optative	ἰσχῠοίμην	ἰσχῠ́οιο	ἰσχῠ́οιτο	ἰσχῠ́οισθον	ἰσχῠοίσθην	ἰσχῠοίμεθᾰ	ἰσχῠ́οισθε	ἰσχῠ́οιντο
	imperative		ἰσχῠ́εο	ἰσχῠέσθω	ἰσχῠ́εσθον	ἰσχῠέσθων		ἰσχῠ́εσθε	ἰσχῠέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἰσχῠ́ειν				ἰσχῠ́εσθαι
participle	m	ἰσχῠ́ων				ἰσχῠόμενος
	f	ἰσχῠ́ουσᾰ				ἰσχῠομένη
	n	ἰσχῠ́ον				ἰσχῠόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἴσχῡον, ἰσχῡόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἴσχῡον	ἴσχῡες	ἴσχῡε(ν)	ἰσχῡ́ετον	ἰσχῡέτην	ἰσχῡ́ομεν	ἰσχῡ́ετε	ἴσχῡον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἰσχῡόμην	ἰσχῡ́ου	ἰσχῡ́ετο	ἰσχῡ́εσθον	ἰσχῡέσθην	ἰσχῡόμεθᾰ	ἰσχῡ́εσθε	ἰσχῡ́οντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἴσχῠον, ἰσχῠόμην (Later poetic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἴσχῠον	ἴσχῠες	ἴσχῠε(ν)	ἰσχῠ́ετον	ἰσχῠέτην	ἰσχῠ́ομεν	ἰσχῠ́ετε	ἴσχῠον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἰσχῠόμην	ἰσχῠ́ου	ἰσχῠ́ετο	ἰσχῠ́εσθον	ἰσχῠέσθην	ἰσχῠόμεθᾰ	ἰσχῠ́εσθε	ἰσχῠ́οντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἰσχύσω, ἰσχύσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἰσχύσω	ἰσχύσεις	ἰσχύσει	ἰσχύσετον	ἰσχύσετον	ἰσχύσομεν	ἰσχύσετε	ἰσχύσουσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἰσχύσοιμῐ	ἰσχύσοις	ἰσχύσοι	ἰσχύσοιτον	ἰσχυσοίτην	ἰσχύσοιμεν	ἰσχύσοιτε	ἰσχύσοιεν
middle	indicative	ἰσχύσομαι	ἰσχύσῃ, ἰσχύσει	ἰσχύσεται	ἰσχύσεσθον	ἰσχύσεσθον	ἰσχυσόμεθᾰ	ἰσχύσεσθε	ἰσχύσονται
	optative	ἰσχυσοίμην	ἰσχύσοιο	ἰσχύσοιτο	ἰσχύσοισθον	ἰσχυσοίσθην	ἰσχυσοίμεθᾰ	ἰσχύσοισθε	ἰσχύσοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		ἰσχύσειν			ἰσχύσεσθαι
participle	m	ἰσχύσων			ἰσχυσόμενος
	f	ἰσχύσουσᾰ			ἰσχυσομένη
	n	ἰσχῦσον			ἰσχυσόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἴσχῡσᾰ, ἰσχῡσᾰ́μην, ἰσχῡ́θην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἴσχῡσᾰ	ἴσχῡσᾰς	ἴσχῡσε(ν)	ἰσχῡ́σᾰτον	ἰσχῡσᾰ́την	ἰσχῡ́σᾰμεν	ἰσχῡ́σᾰτε	ἴσχῡσᾰν
	subjunctive	ἰσχῡ́σω	ἰσχῡ́σῃς	ἰσχῡ́σῃ	ἰσχῡ́σητον	ἰσχῡ́σητον	ἰσχῡ́σωμεν	ἰσχῡ́σητε	ἰσχῡ́σωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἰσχῡ́σαιμῐ	ἰσχῡ́σειᾰς, ἰσχῡ́σαις	ἰσχῡ́σειε(ν), ἰσχῡ́σαι	ἰσχῡ́σαιτον	ἰσχῡσαίτην	ἰσχῡ́σαιμεν	ἰσχῡ́σαιτε	ἰσχῡ́σειᾰν, ἰσχῡ́σαιεν
	imperative		ἴσχῡσον	ἰσχῡσᾰ́τω	ἰσχῡ́σᾰτον	ἰσχῡσᾰ́των		ἰσχῡ́σᾰτε	ἰσχῡσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἰσχῡσᾰ́μην	ἰσχῡ́σω	ἰσχῡ́σᾰτο	ἰσχῡ́σᾰσθον	ἰσχῡσᾰ́σθην	ἰσχῡσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἰσχῡ́σᾰσθε	ἰσχῡ́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	ἰσχῡ́σωμαι	ἰσχῡ́σῃ	ἰσχῡ́σηται	ἰσχῡ́σησθον	ἰσχῡ́σησθον	ἰσχῡσώμεθᾰ	ἰσχῡ́σησθε	ἰσχῡ́σωνται
	optative	ἰσχῡσαίμην	ἰσχῡ́σαιο	ἰσχῡ́σαιτο	ἰσχῡ́σαισθον	ἰσχῡσαίσθην	ἰσχῡσαίμεθᾰ	ἰσχῡ́σαισθε	ἰσχῡ́σαιντο
	imperative		ἴσχῡσαι	ἰσχῡσᾰ́σθω	ἰσχῡ́σᾰσθον	ἰσχῡσᾰ́σθων		ἰσχῡ́σᾰσθε	ἰσχῡσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἰσχῡ́θην	ἰσχῡ́θης	ἰσχῡ́θη	ἰσχῡ́θητον	ἰσχῡθήτην	ἰσχῡ́θημεν	ἰσχῡ́θητε	ἰσχῡ́θησᾰν
	subjunctive	ἰσχῡθῶ	ἰσχῡθῇς	ἰσχῡθῇ	ἰσχῡθῆτον	ἰσχῡθῆτον	ἰσχῡθῶμεν	ἰσχῡθῆτε	ἰσχῡθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἰσχῡθείην	ἰσχῡθείης	ἰσχῡθείη	ἰσχῡθεῖτον, ἰσχῡθείητον	ἰσχῡθείτην, ἰσχῡθειήτην	ἰσχῡθεῖμεν, ἰσχῡθείημεν	ἰσχῡθεῖτε, ἰσχῡθείητε	ἰσχῡθεῖεν, ἰσχῡθείησᾰν
	imperative		ἰσχῡ́θητῐ	ἰσχῡθήτω	ἰσχῡ́θητον	ἰσχῡθήτων		ἰσχῡ́θητε	ἰσχῡθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἰσχῦσαι			ἰσχῡ́σᾰσθαι		ἰσχῡθῆναι
participle	m	ἰσχῡ́σᾱς			ἰσχῡσᾰ́μενος		ἰσχῡθείς
	f	ἰσχῡ́σᾱσᾰ			ἰσχῡσᾰμένη		ἰσχῡθεῖσᾰ
	n	ἰσχῦσᾰν			ἰσχῡσᾰ́μενον		ἰσχῡθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ἴσχῡκᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἴσχῡκᾰ	ἴσχῡκᾰς	ἴσχῡκε(ν)	ἰσχῡ́κᾰτον	ἰσχῡ́κᾰτον	ἰσχῡ́κᾰμεν	ἰσχῡ́κᾰτε	ἰσχῡ́κᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἰσχῡ́κω	ἰσχῡ́κῃς	ἰσχῡ́κῃ	ἰσχῡ́κητον	ἰσχῡ́κητον	ἰσχῡ́κωμεν	ἰσχῡ́κητε	ἰσχῡ́κωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἰσχῡ́κοιμῐ, ἰσχῡκοίην	ἰσχῡ́κοις, ἰσχῡκοίης	ἰσχῡ́κοι, ἰσχῡκοίη	ἰσχῡ́κοιτον	ἰσχῡκοίτην	ἰσχῡ́κοιμεν	ἰσχῡ́κοιτε	ἰσχῡ́κοιεν
	imperative		ἴσχῡκε	ἰσχῡκέτω	ἰσχῡ́κετον	ἰσχῡκέτων		ἰσχῡ́κετε	ἰσχῡκόντων
		active
infinitive		ἰσχῡκέναι
participle	m	ἰσχῡκώς
	f	ἰσχῡκυῖᾰ
	n	ἰσχῡκός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Descendants

• Greek: ισχύω (ischýo)

Further reading

• “ἰσχύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἰσχύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἰσχύω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• “ἰσχύω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2480 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible