ずに

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Japanese

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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ずに (-zuni

  1. to not do something and do something else
    (なか)()さん(おお)(さか)()ずに(きょう)()()った
    Nakada-san wa ōsaka ni ikazuni kyōto ni itta.
    Mr. Nakada didn’t go to Osaka; he went to Kyoto.
  2. without doing something
    ナンシーきのう(あさ)(はん)()ずに学校(がっこう)()った
    Nanshī wa kinō asagohan o tabezuni gakkō e itta.
    Nancy went to school yesterday without eating her breakfast.
    ()(しょ)使(つか)ずに()んでください
    Jisho o tsukawazuni yonde kudasai.
    Please read it without using a dictionary.
    (いち)(ろう)(ぼう)()()ずに()()(はい)った
    Ichirō wa bōshi o nugazuni heya ni haitta.
    Ichiro entered the room without taking off his hat.
  3. "Verb + ずに + おく": to not do something (in advance); to leave something (in a state) without doing something
    まだあるから()ずにおきました
    Mada aru kara kawazuni okimashita.
    Because I still have it, I didn’t buy it (in advance).
    ()ずにおいた
    Tabezuni oita.
    I left it uneaten.
    (literally, “I left it without eating it.”)

Usage notes

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Synonyms

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References

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  1. ^ Makino, Seiichi, Tsutsui, Michio (1989 January 1) “Main Entries: -nai de”, in A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar, 1st edition, 5-4, Shibaura 4-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0023, Japan: The Japan Times, →ISBN, pages 271-273