形而上

Chinese

		to appear; to look; form to appear; to look; form; shape	and; as well as; but (not) and; as well as; but (not); yet (not); (shows causal relation); (shows change of state); (shows contrast)	up; on; on top up; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up
simp. and trad. (形而上)		形	而	上

Etymology

From the phrase 形而上者谓之道，形而下者谓之器 (“ways are on the upper end of imagery (beyond a physical image), objects are on the lower end of imagery”) in the I Ching.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xíng'érshàng

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄦˊ ㄕㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jing⁴ ji⁴ soeng⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xíng'érshàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄦˊ ㄕㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: síng-érshàng
    • Wade–Giles: hsing²-êrh²-shang⁴
    • Yale: syíng-ér-shàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyngerlshanq
    • Palladius: синъэршан (sinʺeršan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jing⁴ ji⁴ soeng⁶
    • Yale: yìhng yìh seuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jing⁴ ji⁴ soeng⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ying⁴ yi⁴ sêng⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ²¹ jiː²¹ sœːŋ²²/

Noun

形而上

1. (philosophy) abstract or intangible things

Synonyms

• 形上 (xíngshàng)

Antonyms

• 形而下 (xíng'érxià)

Derived terms

• 形而上學／形而上学 (xíng'érshàngxué)
• 形而上語言／形而上语言 (xíng'érshàng yǔyán)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
形	而	上
けい Grade: 2	じ Jinmeiyō	じょう Grade: 1
kan’on		goon

Etymology

Coined by Japanese philosopher Inoue Tetsujirō in 1881 in his work 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”) as a translation of English abstract, based on the phrase 形而上者謂之道 in the Book of Changes (《易經》).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) けーじじょー [kèéjíjóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ke̞ːʑiʑo̞ː]

Noun

形(けい)而(じ)上(じょう) • (keijijō) ^{←けいじじやう (keizizyau)?}

1. (philosophy) abstract or intangible things

   Antonym: 形而下 (keijika)

Derived terms

• 形(けい)而(じ)上(じょう)絵(かい)画(が) (keijijō kaiga)
• 形(けい)而(じ)上(じょう)学(がく) (keijijōgaku)
• 形(けい)而(じ)上(じょう)派(は)詩(し) (keijijō-ha shi)

Korean

Hanja in this term
形	而	上

Noun

形而上 • (hyeong'isang) (hangeul 형이상)

1. Hanja form^? of 형이상.