戀

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See also: 恋
戀 U+6200, 戀
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6200
← 懿
[U+61FF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 戁 →
[U+6201]
戀 U+F990, 戀
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F990
← 憐
[U+F98F] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 撚 →
[U+F991]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese 恋
Simplified 恋
Traditional 戀

Han character[edit]

戀 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+19, 23 strokes, cangjie input 女火心 (VFP), four-corner 22339, composition ⿱龻心)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 409, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11504
  • Dae Jaweon: page 751, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2372, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+6200

Chinese[edit]

trad. 戀
simp. 恋*
alternative forms 𤕈

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (䜌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蠻 *mroːn
矕 *mroːnʔ
變 *prons
鸞 *b·roːn
巒 *b·roːn
灤 *b·roːn
欒 *b·roːn
鑾 *b·roːn
臠 *b·roːn, *b·ronʔ
羉 *b·roːn
䜌 *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons
灓 *b·roːn, *b·roːns, *b·rons
圝 *b·roːn
曫 *b·roːn
孿 *smroːns, *smrons
彎 *qroːn
灣 *qroːn
攣 *b·ron
孌 *b·ronʔ, *b·rons
戀 *b·rons
㪻 *pʰlons, *klons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·rons) : phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: lyun5 - variant.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 戀
Mandarin Beijing /lian⁵¹/
Harbin /lian⁵³/
Tianjin /lian⁵³/
Jinan /liã⁴²/
Qingdao /liã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /lyan⁴²/
Xi'an /luã²⁴/
Xining /lyã²⁴/
Yinchuan /lian¹³/
/luan⁵³/
Lanzhou /luɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /lian²¹³/
Wuhan /niɛn³⁵/
Chengdu /nian¹³/
Guiyang /nian²¹³/
Kunming /liɛ̃²¹²/
Nanjing /lien⁴⁴/
Hefei /liĩ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /luæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /luɑŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /lye³¹/
Wu Shanghai /li²³/
Suzhou /liɪ³¹/
Hangzhou /liẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /li²²/
Hui Shexian /le²²/
Tunxi /liɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /liẽ⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /niẽ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /liɛn²¹/
Hakka Meixian /lien⁵³/
Taoyuan /lien⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lyn³⁵/
Nanning /lin²²/
Hong Kong /lyn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /luan³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /luɔŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /nuiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /luaŋ²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /lin³⁵/
Rime
Character 戀
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 仙 (78)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力卷切
Baxter ljwenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/liuᴇnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lʷiɛnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ljuænH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lwianH/
Li
Rong 		/liuɛnH/
Wang
Li 		/lĭwɛnH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/li̯wɛnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		luàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lyun6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 戀
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		liàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ljwenH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]on-s/
English to long for

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 戀
Reading # 1/1
No. 8632
Phonetic
component
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		戀
Old
Chinese 		/*b·rons/

Definitions[edit]

戀

  1. (literary, or in compounds) to love
    戀愛／恋爱  ―  liàn'ài  ―  to be in love
  2. (literary, or in compounds) to long for; to yearn for; to feel attached to
    留戀／留恋  ―  liúliàn  ―  to be reluctant to leave

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

恋

Kyūjitai

戀

Kanji[edit]

戀

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 恋)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 恋: attract, love

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

戀 (eumhun 사모할 련 (samohal ryeon), South Korea 사모할 연 (samohal yeon))

  1. Hanja form? of 련/연 (“love”).
  2. Hanja form? of 련/연 (“long for, yearn for”).

Old Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

The 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 戀ふ (ko1pu, “to love, yearn”).

Noun[edit]

戀 (ko1pi2) (kana こひ)

  1. love, especially romantic love
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 4, poem 596:
      , text here
      八百日徃濱之沙毛吾戀二豈不益歟奥嶋守
      yapoka yuku hama no2 manago1 no2 aga ko1pi2 ni ani masarazi oki1 tu simamori
      On so vast a shore―that one could walk eight hundred days―would the grains of sand number greater than my love, o guardian of the outer isles?[1]
  2. longing, yearning
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 3, poem 325:
      , text here
      明日香河川余藤不去立霧乃念應過孤悲尓不有國
      Asuka-gapa kapayo2do2 sarazu tatu ki1ri no2 omopi1 sugu beki ko1pi2 ni aranaku ni
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • Japanese: 恋 (こい, koi)

Etymology 2[edit]

Appears in 東歌 (Azuma uta, literally “eastern songs”) in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).

The distinction of ⟨-i1⟩ and ⟨-i2⟩ in some Eastern dialects has been lost. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Noun[edit]

戀 (ko1pi1) (kana こひ)

  1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) Same as コ甲ヒ乙 (ko1pi2) above
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4366:
      , text here
      比多知散思由可牟加里母我阿我古比乎志留志弖都祁弖伊母尓志良世牟
      Pi1tati sasi yukamu kari moga aga ko1pi1 wo sirusite tuge1te imo ni sirasemu
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Edwin A. Cranston (1998) The Gem-Glistening Cup, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 570

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

戀: Hán Việt readings: luyến[1][2][3][4][5]
戀: Nôm readings: luyến[1][2], luýnh[2]

  1. chữ Hán form of luyến (“love, fondness (compounds)”).

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Trần (2004).
  3. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  4. ^ Trần (1999).
  5. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
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