泔

泔 U+6CD4, 泔 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CD4 ← 泓 [U+6CD3] CJK Unified Ideographs 法 → [U+6CD5]

Translingual

Han character

泔 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水廿一 (ETM), four-corner 3417₀, composition ⿰氵甘)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 616, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17289
• Dae Jaweon: page 1010, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1580, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6CD4

Chinese

simp. and trad.		泔

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 泔
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (甘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
紺	*kɯːms
姏	*mɡaːm
嵌	*sɡaːmʔ, *kʰraːm
甘	*kaːm
柑	*kaːm
苷	*kaːm
泔	*kaːm
坩	*kaːm, *kʰaːm
蚶	*ɢaːm, *ɢaːm
酣	*ɢaːm
甝	*ɢaːm
魽	*ɢaːm
邯	*ɡaːm, *ɡaːm
鉗	*ɡram
箝	*ɡram
黚	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
拑	*ɡram

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːm) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm).

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gān (gan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gam¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kâm

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gam¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): gan¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): găng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kam

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gam¹

• Wu
  • (Northern): ¹koe
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gan¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gān
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gan
    • Wade–Giles: kan¹
    • Yale: gān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
    • Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gam¹
    • Yale: gām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâm
    • Hakka Romanization System: gam´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gam¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kam²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gam¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kam⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: gan¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kæ̃¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: găng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kam
    • Tâi-lô: kam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kafm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kam³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gam¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kam
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kam³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹koe
    • MiniDict: koe^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹koe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kø⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: gan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kan³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: kam

Rime
Character	泔
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古三切
Baxter	kam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑm/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑm/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kam/
Li Rong	/kɑm/
Wang Li	/kɑm/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	泔
Reading #	1/1
No.	3655
Phonetic component	甘
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	甘
Old Chinese	/*kaːm/

Definitions

泔

1. water from washing rice; kitchen slops

Compounds

• 泔水 (gānshuǐ)
• 泔水桶
• 泔腳／泔脚 (gānjiǎo)
• 泔魚／泔鱼
• 淅二泔
• 溫泔清／温泔清
• 潘泔 (pāngān)
• 米泔
• 米泔水 (mǐgānshuǐ)

 

Descendants

• → Proto-Vietic: *kəːm (“cooked rice”)
  • Vietnamese: cơm

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		泔

Pronunciation

• Eastern Min (BUC): āng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ám

---

• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: āng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /aŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ám
    • Tâi-lô: ám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: arm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /am⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /am⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /am⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /am⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /am⁴¹/

Definitions

泔

1. (Eastern Min, Hokkien) Alternative form of 飲／饮 (“rice water”)
2. (Hokkien) Alternative form of 飲／饮 (“sticky and watery”)

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		泔

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hàn, gān (han⁴, gan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ, ㄍㄢ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
    • Wade–Giles: han⁴
    • Yale: hàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
    • Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gān
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gan
    • Wade–Giles: kan¹
    • Yale: gān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
    • Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵/

Definitions

泔

1. Only used in 泔淡.

Japanese

Kanji

泔

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): かん (kan); ごん (gon)

Korean

Hanja

泔 (eum 검 (geom))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

泔: Hán Nôm readings: cam

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation