警察
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Chinese[edit]
to alert; to warn; police | examine; inquire; observe examine; inquire; observe; inspect; look into; to examine | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (警察) | 警 | 察 | |
simp. #(警察) | 警 | 察 |
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jin3 ca2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җинца (žinca, I-I)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ging2 caat3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kín-chhat
- Jin (Wiktionary): jing2 ca1
- Eastern Min (BUC): gīng-chák
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): kèng-chhat / kéng-chhat
- (Teochew, Peng'im): gêng6 cag4
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 5cin-tshaq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄔㄚˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jǐngchá
- Wade–Giles: ching3-chʻa2
- Yale: jǐng-chá
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiingchar
- Palladius: цзинча (czinča)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jin3 ca2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ginca
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁵³ t͡sʰa²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җинца (žinca, I-I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ²⁴ t͡sʰa²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ging2 caat3
- Yale: gíng chaat
- Cantonese Pinyin: ging2 tsaat8
- Guangdong Romanization: ging2 cad3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɪŋ³⁵ t͡sʰaːt̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kín-chhat
- Hakka Romanization System: gin` cad`
- Hagfa Pinyim: gin3 cad5
- Sinological IPA: /kin³¹ t͡sʰat̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jing2 ca1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕĩŋ⁵³ t͡sʰa¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gīng-chák
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ (t͡sʰ-)ʒɑʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng-chhat
- Tâi-lô: kìng-tshat
- Phofsit Daibuun: keangzhad
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰat̚³²/
- IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰat̚³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sʰat̚⁵/
- IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰat̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéng-chhat
- Tâi-lô: kíng-tshat
- Phofsit Daibuun: kefngzhad
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰat̚³²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰat̚³²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gêng6 cag4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĕng tshak
- Sinological IPA (key): /keŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰak̚²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Wu
Noun[edit]
警察
- (uncountable) police; police force
- 警察暴力 ― jǐngchá bàolì ― police brutality
- (countable) police officer (Classifier: 名; 位)
- 便衣警察 ― biànyī jǐngchá ― plainclothes police officer
Usage notes[edit]
- Whilst 警察 usually refers to the police and police officers outside mainland China, the equivalent institution in mainland China is officially known as 公安 (gōng'ān), literally, "public security".
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 警察 (“police; police officer”) [map]
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- → Zhuang: gingjcaz
Verb[edit]
警察
- (literary) to be vigilant; to be alert; to watch out
- (literary) to examine oneself critically; to examine one's thoughts and conduct
- (literary) to supervise; to monitor
Synonyms[edit]
- (to supervise):
Japanese[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
警 | 察 |
けい Grade: 6 |
さつ Grade: 4 |
on’yomi |
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- police
- 警察に逮捕される。
- Keisatsu ni taiho sareru.
- Arrested by the police.
- 警察に逮捕される。
- Short for 警察署 (keisatsusho, “police station”).
Derived terms[edit]
- 警察官 (keisatsukan, “police officer”)
- 警察署 (keisatsusho, “police station”)
- 警察庁 (keisatsuchō, “National Police Agency”)
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean[edit]
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
警 | 察 |
Noun[edit]
警察 • (gyeongchal) (hangeul 경찰)
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
警 | 察 |
きー Grade: 6 |
さち Grade: 4 |
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
警 | 察 |
ちー Grade: 6 |
さち Grade: 4 |
Etymology[edit]
First used around the beginning of the Meiji period,[1] borrowed from Japanese 警察 (keisatsu).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
警察 or 警察 (kīsachi or chīsachi)
References[edit]
- ^ National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (2001 [1963]) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Zaimushō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)
Further reading[edit]
- “きーさち・ちーさち【警察】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
- “キーサチ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
- “チーサチ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
Vietnamese[edit]
chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
警 | 察 |
Noun[edit]
警察
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- zh:Law enforcement
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- Japanese terms spelled with 察 read as さつ
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- ja:Law enforcement
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- Okinawan terms spelled with 察 read as さち
- Okinawan terms spelled with 警 read as ちー
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