과거

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Korean

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Etymology 1

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Sino-Korean word from 過去, from (passing) + (going)

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈkwa̠(ː)ɡʌ̹]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?gwageo
Revised Romanization (translit.)?gwageo
McCune–Reischauer?kwagŏ
Yale Romanization?kwāke
  • South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: / 과 / 과

    Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch only on the second syllable, and also heightens the subsequent suffixed syllable.

Noun

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과거 (gwageo) (hanja 過去)

  1. the past
  2. one's past
  3. (grammar) past tense
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Sino-Korean word from 科擧. The "measles" sense comes from a euphemistic reference to the civil service examination as an ordeal as difficult as measles.

Pronunciation

[edit]
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?gwageo
Revised Romanization (translit.)?gwageo
McCune–Reischauer?kwagŏ
Yale Romanization?kwake
  • South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 거의 / 거에 / 거까지

    Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch only on the first syllable, and lowers the pitch of subsequent suffixes.

Noun

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과거 (gwageo) (hanja 科擧)

  1. (historical) civil service examination (to select officials in dynastic China, Korea, and Vietnam)
  2. (Gyeongsang, euphemistic) measles
    Synonym: 홍역(紅疫) (hong'yeok)
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Sino-Korean word from 寡居

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈkwa̠(ː)ɡʌ̹]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?gwageo
Revised Romanization (translit.)?gwageo
McCune–Reischauer?kwagŏ
Yale Romanization?kwāke

Noun

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과거 (gwageo) (hanja 寡居)

  1. living on one's own as a widow

Etymology 4

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Sino-Korean word from 過擧

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈkwa̠(ː)ɡʌ̹]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?gwageo
Revised Romanization (translit.)?gwageo
McCune–Reischauer?kwagŏ
Yale Romanization?kwāke

Noun

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과거 (gwageo) (hanja 過擧)

  1. excessive behaviour