πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚

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Gothic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *steuraz (β€œbull”), from Proto-Indo-European *tΓ‘wros. Cognate with Old Norse stjΓ³rr, German stior, Old English stΔ“or (English steer).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚ β€’ (stiurm

  1. male calf, young bull
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Book of Nehemiah (Codex Ambrosianus D) 5.18:[1]
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 π…πŒ°πƒ π†π‚πŒ°πŒ΅πŒΏπŒΌπŒ°πŒ½ πŒ³πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπƒ 𐍈𐌹𐌢𐌿𐌷 πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚ ·𐌰· 𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌱𐌰 πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° ·𐌡· 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ [·𐌰·] πŒ²πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° π…πŒ°πƒ πŒΌπŒΉπƒ; 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌱𐌹 ·𐌹· πŒ³πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πƒ πŒ²πŒ°π† π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½ 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌸𐌹𐌢𐌰𐌹 π†πŒΉπŒ»πŒΏπƒπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐌸𐌹𐌢𐌰𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽; 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌽𐌰 πŒΈπ‰ 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰 πŒ·πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπ† π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΈπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ πŒΌπŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒΉπƒ 𐌽𐌹 πƒπ‰πŒΊπŒΉπŒ³πŒ°, 𐌹𐌽 πŒΈπŒΉπƒ 𐌴𐌹 𐌽𐌹 πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ πŒΈπ‰ 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πƒπ„π…πŒ°πŒΌ.
      jah was fraquman dagis Ζ•izuh stiur Β·aΒ· lamba gawalida Β·qΒ· jah gaits [Β·aΒ·] gamanwida was mis; jah bi Β·iΒ· dagans gaf wein allai ΓΎizai filusnai jah allai ΓΎizai managein; jah ana þō alla hlaif fauramaΓΎleis meinis ni sōkida, in ΓΎis ei ni kauridΔ“djau þō managein in ΓΎaim waurstwam.
      And there came to me for one day one calf, and I had six choice sheep and a goat; and every ten days wine in abundance of all sorts: yet with these I required not the bread of extortion, because the bondage was heavy upon this people. (Brenton Septuagint Translation).
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Luke (Codex Argenteus) 15.23:[2]
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ½πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πƒ πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚ 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 πŒΏπ†πƒπŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈπŒΉπŒΈ, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΌπŒ°π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πƒ π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΌ π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°;
      jah bringandans stiur ΓΎana alidan ufsneiΓΎiΓΎ, jah matjandans wisam waila;
      And bring hither the fatted calf, and kill it; and let us eat, and be merry: (KJV).
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Luke (Codex Argenteus) 15.30:[3]
      𐌹𐌸 𐌸𐌰𐌽 πƒπŒ° πƒπŒΏπŒ½πŒΏπƒ πŒΈπŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πƒ, πƒπŒ°πŒ΄πŒΉ π†π‚πŒ΄π„ 𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽 πƒπ…πŒ΄πƒ 𐌼𐌹𐌸 πŒΊπŒ°πŒ»πŒΊπŒΎπ‰πŒΌ, 𐌡𐌰𐌼, πŒΏπ†πƒπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπƒπ„ 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚ 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽.
      iΓΎ ΓΎan sa sunus ΓΎeins, saei frΔ“t ΓΎein swΔ“s miΓΎ kalkjōm, qam, ufsnaist imma stiur ΓΎana alidan.
      But as soon as this thy son was come, which hath devoured thy living with harlots, thou hast killed for him the fatted calf. (KJV).

Declension

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Only attested in the nominative and accusative singular, this word may have been an a-stem, an i-stem or a consonant stem. The other Germanic languages indicate an a-stem.

Masculine a-stem
Singular Plural
Nominative πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚
stiur
πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚π‰πƒ
stiurōs
Vocative πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚
stiur
πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚π‰πƒ
stiurōs
Accusative πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚
stiur
πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚πŒ°πŒ½πƒ
stiurans
Genitive πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚πŒΉπƒ
stiuris
πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚πŒ΄
stiurΔ“
Dative πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚πŒ°
stiura
πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚πŒ°πŒΌ
stiuram

But an i-stem or consonant stem are also theoretically possible.

Masculine i-stem
Singular Plural
Nominative πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚
stiur
πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
stiureis
Vocative πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚
stiur
πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
stiureis
Accusative πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚
stiur
πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚πŒΉπŒ½πƒ
stiurins
Genitive πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚πŒΉπƒ
stiuris
πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚πŒ΄
stiurΔ“
Dative πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚πŒ°
stiura
πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚πŒΉπŒΌ
stiurim
Masculine/feminine consonant stem
Singular Plural
Nominative πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚
stiur
πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚πƒ
stiurs
Vocative πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚
stiur
πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚πƒ
stiurs
Accusative πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚
stiur
πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚πƒ
stiurs
Genitive πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚πƒ
stiurs
πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚πŒ΄
stiurΔ“
Dative πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚
stiur
πƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπ‚πŒΏπŒΌ
stiurum

Antonyms

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Hypernyms

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References

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  1. ^ Nehemiah chapter 5 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
  2. ^ Luke chapter 15 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
  3. ^ Luke chapter 15 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.

Further reading

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  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 130