-ς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-s. Cognate with Latin -s.

Suffix

-ς • (-s) m or f or n (genitive -ος); third declension

1. suffix of masculine and feminine nouns in the third declension.
2. suffix added to some masculine foreign names to make them declinable. Note that dative -ι only gets added if as iota subscript and the genitive is the bare stem

Usage notes

Inflections merge with the stem. See Appendix:Ancient Greek third declension.

Declension

Third declension of ὁ, ἡ -ς; τοῦ, τῆς -ος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ, ἡ -ς ho, hē -s	τὼ -ε tṑ -e	οἱ, αἱ -ες hoi, hai -es
Genitive	τοῦ, τῆς -ος toû, tês -os	τοῖν -οιν toîn -oin	τῶν -ων tôn -ōn
Dative	τῷ, τῇ -ῐ tôi, têi -i	τοῖν -οιν toîn -oin	τοῖς, ταῖς -σῐ / -σῐν toîs, taîs -si(n)
Accusative	τὸν, τὴν -ᾰ / -ν tòn, tḕn -a / -n	τὼ -ε tṑ -e	τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς -ᾰς toùs, tā̀s -as
Vocative	- / -ς - / -s	-ε -e	-ες -es
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of τὸ (-); τοῦ -ος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ (-) tò (-)	τὼ -ε tṑ -e	τᾰ̀ -ᾰ tà -a
Genitive	τοῦ -ος toû -os	τοῖν -οιν toîn -oin	τῶν -ων tôn -ōn
Dative	τῷ -ῐ tôi -i	τοῖν -οιν toîn -oin	τοῖς -σῐ / -σῐν toîs -si(n)
Accusative	τὸ (-) tò (-)	τὼ -ε tṑ -e	τᾰ̀ -ᾰ tà -a
Vocative	(-) (-)	-ε -e	-ᾰ -a
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Irregular declension of ὁ -ς; τοῦ – (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	ὁ -ς ho -s
Genitive	τοῦ – toû –
Dative	τῷ - / -ͅ tôi - / -i
Accusative	τὸν -ν tòn -n
Vocative	– –
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

See also

• -η (-ē)
• -ος (-os)