-а
Belarusian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьje. Variant used after non-palatalizable consonants.
Alternative forms[edit]
- -е (-je)
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-а • (-a)
- Alternative form of -е (-je); used after ш, ч, ж formed as a result of the Slavic first palatalization, as well as sometimes after р.
- па- (pa-, “across, along”) + грані́ца (hraníca, “border”) + -а (-a) → паграні́чча (pahraníčča, “region along the border”)
- за- (za-) + ці́хі (cíxi, “quiet, still”) + -а (-a) → заці́шша (zacíšša, “lull, calm”)
- без- (bjez-, “without”) + даро́га (daróha, “path”) + -а (-a) → бездаро́жжа (bjezdaróžža, “impassibility”)
- па- (pa-) + ве́цер (vjécjer, “wind”) + -а (-a) → паве́тра (pavjétra, “air”)
Usage notes[edit]
- Syllable stress is usually drawn onto the syllable before the suffix.
Etymology 2[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a, from Proto-Indo-European *-ōd, the thematic ablative ending.
Alternative forms[edit]
- -я (-ja) — used for nouns ending in -ь
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-а • (-a)
- Forms the genitive singular of most masculine and neuter nouns.
- Forms the count form of some nouns.
Derived terms[edit]
Chuvash[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-а • (-a) (front vowel variant -е)
- Forms agent nouns: -er, -or
- Forms instrument nouns by means of which the action is performed
- Forms resultative nouns
- Forms nouns of location
Etymology 2[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-а • (-a) (front vowel variant -е)
- (non-productive) Forms diminutives
Komi-Zyrian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-а • (-a) (soft stem variant -я)
- Used to form nouns describing the quality of an adjective; -ness
- Used to form adjectives having a characteristic of a noun; -like, -ly
- Used to form postpositions measuring the preceding noun in the quality of an adjective; as ... as
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 61
Russian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- -я (-ja) — used after a soft consonant
Suffix[edit]
-а • (-a)
- Noun-forming suffix used to form diminutives of proper names; used after a hard (unpalatalized) consonant.
Etymology 2[edit]
From early Proto-Slavic *-ja.
Alternative forms[edit]
- -а (-a) — non-iotating
Suffix[edit]
-а • (-a)
- Noun-forming suffix used to form abstract nouns and agent nouns from prefixed stems ending in a consonant that becomes a hushing consonant (ш ж ч щ) when iotated. The final consonant of the stem is iotated before this suffix.
- по- (po-) + клад- (klad-, “to lay, to put”) + -а (-a) → покла́жа (pokláža, “load”)
- пропа́д- (propád-, “to disappear”) + -а (-a) → пропа́жа (propáža, “disappearance, loss”)
- пред- (pred-, “before”) + тек- (tek-, “to flow”) + -а (-a) → предте́ча (predtéča, “forerunner, precursor”)
- переда́т- (peredát-, “to broadcast”) + -а (-a) → переда́ча (peredáča, “broadcast”)
Declension[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a.
Alternative forms[edit]
- -а (-a) — iotating
Suffix[edit]
-а • (-a)
- Noun-forming suffix used to form abstract nouns and agent nouns from prefixed stems. The final consonant of the stem is not iotated before this suffix.
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Serbo-Croatian[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-а (Latin spelling -a)
- Suffix appended to words (usually verbal stems) to create a feminine noun, usually denoting a relation or to form a proper noun.
Etymology 2[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a, from Proto-Indo-European *-ōd, the thematic ablative ending.
Suffix[edit]
-а (Latin spelling -a)
- Forms the genitive singular of masculine and neuter nouns and indefinite adjectives.
Ukrainian[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Inherited from Old Ruthenian -а (-a), from Old East Slavic -а (-a), from Proto-Slavic *-a.
Suffix[edit]
-а • (-a)
- used to form feminine deverbal nouns denoting a result, process or an abstract concept
- загати́ти pf (zahatýty, “to dam up”) + -а (-a) → зага́та f (zaháta, “dam”)
- змогти́ pf (zmohtý, “to be able to, to manage to”) + -а (-a) → змо́га f (zmóha, “ability, possibility, opportunity”)
- сплати́ти pf (splatýty, “to pay”) + -а (-a) → спла́та f (spláta, “pay, payment”)
- послужи́ти pf (poslužýty, “to serve”) + -а (-a) → по́слуга f (pósluha, “service”)
- позичи́ти pf (pozyčýty, “to borrow, to lend”) + -а (-a) → по́зика f (pózyka, “loan”)
- used to form gender neutral nouns denoting a person characterized by the root word
- не- (ne-, “not”) + чепури́тися impf (čepurýtysja, “to smarten oneself up, to preen”) + -а (-a) → нечепу́ра gender-neutral (nečepúra, “a slovenly/unkempt person”)
- при- (pry-) + ве́ред m (véred, “whim, caprice”) + -а (-a) → привере́да gender-neutral (pryveréda, “a picky/capricious person”)
- нікче́м(ний) (nikčém(nyj), “good-for-nothing, worthless, insignificant”) + -а (-a) → нікче́ма gender-neutral (nikčéma, “good-for-nothing, looser, zero, nonentity, crumb”)
- used to form feminine counterparts of masculine nouns
Usage notes[edit]
- This suffix does not cause palatalization/iotation.
- This suffix is always attached to the original unpalatalized form of the root: обложи́ти pf (obložýty), поважа́ти impf (považáty), означа́ти impf (označáty) → обло́га f (oblóha), пова́га f (pováha), озна́ка f (oznáka).
Etymology 2[edit]
Inherited from Old Ruthenian -а (-a), from Old East Slavic -а (-a), from Proto-Slavic *-ja.
Alternative forms[edit]
- -я (-ja) — after consonants other than ч ж ш щ
Suffix[edit]
-а • (-a)
- Alternative form of -я (-ja) used after ч ж ш щ
- зада́ти pf (zadáty, “to assign, to raise (question)”) + -я (-ja) → зада́ча f (zadáča, “task, problem”)
- огороди́ти pf (ohorodýty, “to fence in, to enclose”) + -я (-ja) → огоро́жа f (ohoróža, “fence”)
- пло́ский (plóskyj, “flat”) + -я (-ja) → пло́ща f (plóšča, “square”)
- ти́хий (týxyj, “quiet, silent”) + -я (-ja) → ти́ша f (týša, “silence, quietness”)
- утекти́ pf (utektý, “to flee, to escape”) + -я (-ja) → уте́ча f (utéča, “flight, run”)
Etymology 3[edit]
Inherited from Old Ruthenian -а (-a), from Old East Slavic -а (-a), from Proto-Slavic *-ę.
Alternative forms[edit]
- -я (-ja) — after consonants other than ч ж ш щ
Suffix[edit]
-а • (-a)
- Alternative form of -я (-ja) used after ч ж ш щ
Derived terms[edit]
- Belarusian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Belarusian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Belarusian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Belarusian lemmas
- Belarusian suffixes
- Belarusian noun-forming suffixes
- Belarusian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Belarusian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Chuvash lemmas
- Chuvash suffixes
- Komi-Zyrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Komi-Zyrian lemmas
- Komi-Zyrian suffixes
- Russian 1-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian lemmas
- Russian suffixes
- Russian noun-forming suffixes
- Russian diminutive suffixes
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian sibilant-stem feminine-form nouns
- Russian sibilant-stem feminine-form accent-a nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern a
- Russian hard-stem feminine-form nouns
- Russian hard-stem feminine-form accent-a nouns
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian suffixes
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old Ruthenian
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old Ruthenian
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian suffixes
- Ukrainian noun-forming suffixes