-ия

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See also: ја, и-а, and -ја

Bulgarian

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьja. This suffix also superseded the obsolete ending Proto-Slavic *-i in archaic ī-stem nouns.

Suffix

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-ия (-ijaf

  1. Forms abstract or action nouns with hyperbolic meaning: -ity, -ery, -ness
    From abstract nouns:
    разбо́р (razbór, analysis, distribution)неразбори́я (nerazboríja, chaos, mess)
    чу́до (čúdo, wonder)чудеси́я (čudesíja, miracle)
    у́жас (úžas, horror)ужаси́я (užasíja, horridness)
    роб (rob, slave)роби́я (robíja, slavery) (obsolete)
    From adjectives/participles:
    ла́ком (lákom, greedy)лакоми́я (lakomíja, gluttony)
    прокле́т (proklét, cursed)проклети́я (prokletíja, damnation)
    From verbs:
    но́ся (nósja, to wear)носи́я (nosíja, suite, fashion trend)
    во́зя (vózja, to ride, convey)вози́я (vozíja, ride)
    търгу́вам (tǎrgúvam, to trade)търгови́я (tǎrgovíja, commerce)
    разпра́вям се (razprávjam se, to argue)разправи́я (razpravíja, scandal, arguing)
    From adverbs:
    о́коло (ókolo, around)око́лия (okólija, administrative unit)
    From interjections:
    о́леле (ólele, oh my god)олели́я (olelíja, hullabaloo)
Declension
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Derived terms
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Suffix

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-ия (-ijaf or pl

  1. Forms feminine counterparts to archaic substantivized adjectives:
    сват m (svat, relative, kinsman)сва́тя f (svátja, kinswoman)
    *svy (swinine)свиня́ f (svinjá, sow)
  2. Forms plural forms of archaic ter-stem agent nouns:
    брат sg (brat, brother)бра́тя pl (brátja, brothers)
    ма́тер sg (máter, mother) (archaic)ма́тя pl (mátja, mothers) (obsolete, archaic)
Declension
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Alternative forms
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  • (-ja)reduced
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Suffix

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-ия (-ijaf or m

  1. Denotes agents, from archaic ī-stem nouns of native origin:
    *sǫdiсъдия́ (sǎdijá, judge)
    *svętiсвети́я (svetíja, saint)
    *větiвити́я (vitíja, orator) (obsolete)
    *badliба́лия (bálija, healer) (archaic, obsolete)
  2. Denotes objects/events, from archaic ī-stem nouns of native origin:
    *mъldniмъ́лния (mǎ́lnija, bolt)
    *oldiлади́я (ladíja, boat)
  3. Denotes agents, from i/u-stem nouns borrowed from Turkish:
    Turkish gidi (swindler)гиди́я (gidíja, crazyhead) (dialectal)
    Turkish kadi (judge)кади́я (kadíja, qadi, Muslim judge) (dialectal)
  4. Denotes tools/objects, from i/u-stem nouns borrowed from Turkish:
    Turkish gemi (boat)геми́я (gemíja, sailboat)
    Turkish boru (duct)бури́я (buríja, oven pipe) (dialectal)
Declension
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Ancient Greek -ία (-ía), -εια (-eia), -εῖον (-eîon), Greek (), (); found in loanwords.

Suffix

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-ия (-ijaf

  1. -ia, -y
    Greek κουτί (koutí)кути́я (kutíja, box)
    Greek πηχτή (pichtí)пихти́я (pihtíja, jelly)
    Ancient Greek στοιχεῖον (stoikheîon)стихи́я (stihíja, natural force)
    Ancient Greek κατηγορία (katēgoría), ἀλληγορία (allēgoría)катего́рия (kategórija, category), алего́рия (alegórija, allegory)
    Ancient Greek ἀπάθεια (apátheia)апа́тия (apátija, apathy)
    Ancient Greek πολυγαμία (polugamía)полига́мия (poligámija, polygamy)
  2. Forms names of sciences and doctrines:
    Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía)Latin philosophiaфилосо́фия (filosófija, philosophy)
    Ancient Greek θεολογία (theología)Latin theologiaтеоло́гия (teológija, theology)
    Ancient Greek ἀναρχία (anarkhía)Latin anarchiaана́рхия (anárhija, anarchy)
    Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía)Latin historiaисто́рия (istórija, history)
    Latin biologiaбиоло́гия (biológija, biology)
    Latin chēmiaхи́мия (hímija, chemistry)
  3. Forms names of geographical locations:
    Country or state names:
    България (Bǎlgarija, Bulgaria)
    Калифорния (Kalifornija, California)
    Continent or subcontinent names:
    Азия (Azija, Asia)
    Индия (Indija, India)
    Large islands or inland areas:
    Гренладния (Grenladnija, Greenland)
    Месопотамия (Mesopotamija, Mesopotamia)
    Fictional/mythological places:
    Ария (Arija, Arya) (mythical place in Zoroastrian/Vedic religion)
    Мория (Morija, Moria) (fictional place in the "Lord of the rings" saga)

Etymology 3

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Borrowed from Latin -ia, Italian -ia; found in loanwords.

Suffix

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-ия (-ijaf

  1. -ia, -y
    Latin furiaфури́я (furíja, stormwind)
    Latin māteriaмате́рия (matérija, matter)
    Italian ariaа́рия (árija, aria)
    Italian legiaле́гия (légija, legion)
Derived terms
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Derived terms
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Russian

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Etymology

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Ultimately from Latin -ia or Ancient Greek -ία (-ía), -εία (-eía); found only in words borrowed from other languages (compare German, French -ie).

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-ия or -и́я (-ija or -íjaf

  1. singular feminine nominative of -ий (-ij): -y, -ia (frequently found as part of foreign borrowings, where it represents the foreign suffixes -y, -ia, -ie, etc.)
  2. -ion (frequently found as part of foreign borrowings, where it represents -ion, especially as part of -ция (-cija, -tion))
  3. Suffix used to create abstract nouns from nouns denoting persons.
    инжене́р (inženér, engineer) + ‎-ия (-ija) → ‎инжене́рия (inženérija, engineering)
    бухга́лтер (bugálter, buhálter, accountant) + ‎-ия (-ija) → ‎бухгалте́рия (bugaltérija, buhaltérija, accounting)
    карто́граф (kartógraf, cartographer) + ‎-ия (-ija) → ‎картогра́фия (kartográfija, cartography)
    укро́п (ukróp, Ukrainian (pejorative)) + ‎-ия (-ija) → ‎Укро́пия (Ukrópija, Ukraine (pejorative))

Usage notes

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  • In the unstressed variant, the stress is frequently drawn onto the preceding syllable.

Declension

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Mongolian:
    Cyrillic script: (-i), -∅

See also

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