-kodik
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See also: -ködik
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From -k (instantaneous suffix) + -od (frequentative suffix) + -ik (reflexive suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-kodik
- (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun or adjective to form a verb. Most of the time it means to behave as. The derived verb may have a pejorative meaning.
- majom (“monkey”) + -kodik → majomkodik (“to behave as a monkey”)
- fontos (“important”) + -kodik → fontoskodik (“to act important, to put on airs”)
- (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form a verb, meaning to work as.
- tanár (“teacher”) + -kodik → tanárkodik (“to work as a teacher”)
- (verb-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a reflexive verb.
- ruház (“to clothe, dress”) + -kodik → ruházkodik (“to clothe oneself”)
Usage notes
[edit]- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of -kodik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -kodom or -kodok |
-kodsz | -kodik | -kodunk | -kodtok | -kodnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -kodtam | -kodtál | -kodott | -kodtunk | -kodtatok | -kodtak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -kodni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -kodék or -kodám |
-kodál | -koda or -kodék |
-kodánk | -kodátok | -kodának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -kodik vala, -kodott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -kodandok (or -kodandom) |
-kodandasz (or -kodandol) |
-kodand (or -kodandik*) |
-kodandunk | -kodandotok | -kodandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -kodnék (or -kodnám) |
-kodnál | -kodna (or -kodnék*) |
-kodnánk | -kodnátok | -kodnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -kodott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -kodjak or -kodjam |
-kodj or -kodjál |
-kodjon or -kodjék |
-kodjunk | -kodjatok | -kodjanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -kodott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | -kodni | -kodnom | -kodnod | -kodnia | -kodnunk | -kodnotok | -kodniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| -kodás | -kodó | -kodott | ― | -kodva (-kodván) | |||||
potential conjugation of -kodik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -kodhatok (or -kodhatom) |
-kodhatsz (or -kodhatol) |
-kodhat (or -kodhatik) |
-kodhatunk | -kodhattok | -kodhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -kodhattam | -kodhattál | -kodhatott | -kodhattunk | -kodhattatok | -kodhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -kodhaték or -kodhatám |
-kodhatál | -kodhata or -kodhaték |
-kodhatánk | -kodhatátok | -kodhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -kodhat vala, -kodhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -kodhatandok or -kodandhatok (or -kodhatandom or -kodandhatom) |
-kodhatandasz or -kodandhatsz (or -kodhatandol or -kodandhatol) |
-kodhatand or -kodandhat (or -kodhatandik or -kodandhatik*) |
-kodhatandunk or -kodandhatunk |
-kodhatandotok or -kodandhattok |
-kodhatandanak or -kodandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -kodhatnék (or -kodhatnám) |
-kodhatnál | -kodhatna (or -kodhatnék*) |
-kodhatnánk | -kodhatnátok | -kodhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -kodhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -kodhassak (or -kodhassam) |
-kodhass or -kodhassál |
-kodhasson (or -kodhassék) |
-kodhassunk | -kodhassatok | -kodhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -kodhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (-kodhatni) | (-kodhatnom) | (-kodhatnod) | (-kodhatnia) | (-kodhatnunk) | (-kodhatnotok) | (-kodhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (-kodhatva / -kodhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ -kodik/-kedik/-ködik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, page 417, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)