Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/armaz
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Proto-Germanic[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érmos, *h₂ŕ̥mos, from the root *h₂er-.
Cognate with Lithuanian ìrmėdė (“gout”), Old Prussian irmo (“arm”), Ancient Greek ἁρμός (harmós), Latin armus, Proto-Slavic *òrmo (“shoulder”), Sanskrit ईर्म (īrmá, “arm”).
Noun[edit]
*armaz m[1]
Inflection[edit]
masculine a-stemDeclension of *armaz (masculine a-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | *armaz | *armōz, *armōs | |
vocative | *arm | *armōz, *armōs | |
accusative | *armą | *armanz | |
genitive | *armas, *armis | *armǫ̂ | |
dative | *armai | *armamaz | |
instrumental | *armō | *armamiz |
Descendants[edit]
- Proto-West Germanic: *arm
- Old Norse: armr
- Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍃 (arms)
Etymology 2[edit]
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁erm- (“poor, ill”). Cognate with Hittite 𒅕𒈠𒀭 (erman, “sickness”).
Alternatively[2], from Pre-Germanic *h₃orbʰmos, with loss of -b- before -m-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erbʰ-, whence English orphan. Compare the Norse variant aumr, as from *arbmaz with no loss of -b-, which mirrors the dissimilation of Old Norse haustr from *harbistaz.
Adjective[edit]
*armaz (comparative *armōzô, superlative *armōstaz)[2]
Inflection[edit]
Declension of *armaz (a-stem)
Strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | *armaz | *armai | *armō | *armôz | *armą, -atō | *armō |
Accusative | *armanǭ | *armanz | *armǭ | *armōz | *armą, -atō | *armō |
Genitive | *armas, -is | *armaizǫ̂ | *armaizōz | *armaizǫ̂ | *armas, -is | *armaizǫ̂ |
Dative | *armammai | *armaimaz | *armaizōi | *armaimaz | *armammai | *armaimaz |
Instrumental | *armanō | *armaimiz | *armaizō | *armaimiz | *armanō | *armaimiz |
Weak declension | ||||||
Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | *armô | *armaniz | *armǭ | *armōniz | *armô | *armōnō |
Accusative | *armanų | *armanunz | *armōnų | *armōnunz | *armô | *armōnō |
Genitive | *arminiz | *armanǫ̂ | *armōniz | *armōnǫ̂ | *arminiz | *armanǫ̂ |
Dative | *armini | *armammaz | *armōni | *armōmaz | *armini | *armammaz |
Instrumental | *arminē | *armammiz | *armōnē | *armōmiz | *arminē | *armammiz |
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Proto-West Germanic: *arm
- Old Norse: armr
- Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍃 (arms)
- → Proto-Finnic: *armas, *armo
References[edit]
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*arma- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 35
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*arma- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 35
Categories:
- Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂er-
- Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Germanic lemmas
- Proto-Germanic nouns
- Proto-Germanic masculine nouns
- gem-pro:Body parts
- Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns
- Proto-Germanic adjectives
- Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives