Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/giftijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *giftiz (“gift”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣiɸ.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*giftijaną

1. (transitive, +accusative) to gift, give (something)
2. (transitive, +dative) to give a gift to

Inflection

Conjugation of *giftijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*giftijō	*giftijaų	—	*giftijai	?
2nd singular	*giftīsi	*giftijais	*giftī	*giftijasai	*giftijaisau
3rd singular	*giftīþi	*giftijai	*giftijaþau	*giftijaþai	*giftijaiþau
1st dual	*giftijōs	*giftijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*giftijaþiz	*giftijaiþiz	*giftijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*giftijamaz	*giftijaim	—	*giftijanþai	*giftijainþau
2nd plural	*giftīþ	*giftijaiþ	*giftīþ	*giftijanþai	*giftijainþau
3rd plural	*giftijanþi	*giftijain	*giftijanþau	*giftijanþai	*giftijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*giftidǭ	*giftidēdį̄
2nd singular	*giftidēz	*giftidēdīz
3rd singular	*giftidē	*giftidēdī
1st dual	*giftidēdū	*giftidēdīw
2nd dual	*giftidēdudiz	*giftidēdīdiz
1st plural	*giftidēdum	*giftidēdīm
2nd plural	*giftidēdud	*giftidēdīd
3rd plural	*giftidēdun	*giftidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*giftijandz	*giftidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *giftijan
  • Old English: giftan
    • Middle English: giften
      • English: gift
  • Old Saxon: giftian
    • Middle Low German: giften
  • Old Dutch: *giften
    • Middle Dutch: giften
      • Dutch: giften
  • Old High German: giften
    • Middle High German: giften
• Old Norse: gipta
  • Icelandic: gifta
  • Faroese: gifta
  • Swedish: gifta
  • Danish: gifte