Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haugaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kewk- (“hill, elevation”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑu̯.ɣɑz/

Noun

*haugaz m

1. height; hill

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *haugaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*haugaz	*haugōz, *haugōs
vocative	*haug	*haugōz, *haugōs
accusative	*haugą	*hauganz
genitive	*haugas, *haugis	*haugǫ̂
dative	*haugai	*haugamaz
instrumental	*haugō	*haugamiz

Related terms

• *hauhaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *haug
  • Old Saxon: *hōg
    • Middle Low German: hôch, hö̂
    • ⇒ Middle Low German: hö̂chil
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: hö̂chillîn, hö̂chilîn
  • Old High German: houg (in compounds: steinenhoug, marchoug, etc.)
    • Middle High German: houc
    • ⇒ Middle High German: hogil
      • ⇒ German: Hügel
  • → Old French: hoge (also possibly via Old Norse haugr)
    • ⇒ Old French: ahoge, ahuge
      • → Middle English: huge
        • Scots: huge, hudge
        • English: huge
• Old Norse: haugr
  • Icelandic: haugur
  • Faroese: heygur, heyggjur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: haug
  • Norwegian Bokmål: haug
  • Old Swedish: hø̄gher
    • Swedish: hög
  • Old Danish: høgh
    • Middle Danish: høg, høw
      • Danish: høj
  • → Middle English: houȝ, hogh, hoo
    • Scots: hog, howe, how
    • English: hough, hoe, how, howe

Further reading

• “høj” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog
• hög in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)