Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti
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See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yeti
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Suffix
[edit]*(Ø)-yéti
- Creates intransitive, often deponent, imperfective verbs from roots.
Inflection
[edit]| Imperfective, thematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *(Ø)-yéti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *(Ø)-yónti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *(Ø)-yóh₂ | *(Ø)-yóm | — | *(Ø)-yṓh₂ | *(Ø)-yóyh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *(Ø)-yési | *(Ø)-yés | *(Ø)-yé | *(Ø)-yḗsi | *(Ø)-yóys |
| 3rd singular | *(Ø)-yéti | *(Ø)-yét | *(Ø)-yétu | *(Ø)-yḗti | *(Ø)-yóyt |
| 1st dual | *(Ø)-yówos | *(Ø)-yówe | — | *(Ø)-yṓwos | *(Ø)-yóywe |
| 2nd dual | *(Ø)-yétes | *(Ø)-yétom | *(Ø)-yétom | *(Ø)-yḗtes | *(Ø)-yóytom |
| 3rd dual | *(Ø)-yétes | *(Ø)-yétām | *(Ø)-yétām | *(Ø)-yḗtes | *(Ø)-yóytām |
| 1st plural | *(Ø)-yómos | *(Ø)-yóme | — | *(Ø)-yṓmos | *(Ø)-yóyme |
| 2nd plural | *(Ø)-yéte | *(Ø)-yéte | *(Ø)-yéte | *(Ø)-yḗte | *(Ø)-yóyte |
| 3rd plural | *(Ø)-yónti | *(Ø)-yónt | *(Ø)-yóntu | *(Ø)-yṓnti | *(Ø)-yóyh₁n̥t |
| Participle | *(Ø)-yónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *(Ø)-yóh₂er | *(Ø)-yóh₂e | — | *(Ø)-yṓh₂er | *(Ø)-yóyh₂e |
| 2nd singular | *(Ø)-yéth₂er | *(Ø)-yéth₂e | *(Ø)-yéso | *(Ø)-yḗth₂er | *(Ø)-yóyth₂e |
| 3rd singular | *(Ø)-yétor | *(Ø)-yéto | *? | *(Ø)-yḗtor | *(Ø)-yóyto, *(Ø)-yóyh₁o |
| 1st dual | *(Ø)-yówosdʰh₂ | *(Ø)-yówedʰh₂ | — | *(Ø)-yṓwosdʰh₂ | *(Ø)-yóywedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *(Ø)-yómosdʰh₂ | *(Ø)-yómedʰh₂ | — | *(Ø)-yṓmosdʰh₂ | *(Ø)-yóymedʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *(Ø)-yédʰh₂we | *(Ø)-yédʰh₂we | *(Ø)-yédʰh₂we | *(Ø)-yḗdʰh₂we | *(Ø)-yóydʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *(Ø)-yóror, *(Ø)-yóntor | *(Ø)-yóro, *(Ø)-yónto | *? | *(Ø)-yṓror, *(Ø)-yṓntor | *(Ø)-yóyro, *(Ø)-yóyh₁n̥to |
| Participle | *(Ø)-yómnos | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Anatolian: *-yéti
- Proto-Germanic: *-(i)janą (j-presents, some class 1 weak verbs)
- Proto-Hellenic: *-yō
- Ancient Greek: -έω (-éō) (partially)
- Ancient Greek: -όω (-óō) (aboriginal ἀρόω (aróō) and new denominative verbs to o-stem nouns)
- Ancient Greek: -πτω (-ptō) (< *-pyé-, *-pʰyé-)
- Ancient Greek: -σσω (-ssō), -ττω (-ttō) (< *-kyé-, *-kʰyé-, *-kʷyé-, *-kʷʰyé-, *-tyé-, *-tʰyé-, *-gyé-)
- Ancient Greek: -ζω (-zō) (< *-gyé-, *-gʷyé-, *-dyé-)
- Ancient Greek: -λλω (-llō) (< *-lyé-)
- Ancient Greek: -ιCω (-iCō) (< *-Cyé-)
- Italic:
- Latin: -iō (Third conjugation verbs iō-variation)
- Latin: -iō (Fourth conjugation verbs, partially)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-yáti
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-yáti
- Sanskrit: -यति (-yati) (some class 4 verbs, with shift of accent to root, for example: गृध्यति (gṛ́dhyati))
- Sanskrit: -यते (-yate) (some deponent class 4 verbs, with shift of accent to root, for example: जायते (jā́yate), बुध्यते (búdhyate))
- Sanskrit: -यते (-yáte) (passive verbs, for example: क्रियते (kriyáte, “to be done”); and rarely a deponent verb: म्रियते (mriyáte, “to die”))
- Proto-Iranian: *-yáti
- Avestan: -𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (-iieiti) (for example: 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (vərəziieiti))
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-yáti
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN