Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/yaw-

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This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Indo-European *yew- (to connect), and cognate with Lithuanian jáuti / jaũti (to mix, mingle, blend), Latvian jũtis (place of joint, crossroads). Proto-Indo-European *yewg- (to join, yoke) may be an extension of the root.[1][2][3]

Root

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*yaw-[2]

  1. to bind, hold fast
Derived terms
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  • Unsorted formations:
    • Sanskrit: यु (yu, to unite, bind)
    • Avestan: 𐬫𐬎 (yu, to bind, hold)
    • Avestan: 𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬎 (niiu, to (re)bind, hold)

Etymology 2

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Traditionally considered a secondary derivation from Etymology 1, via the latter's prefixed formations (as a "de-binding"). However, Mayrhofer is skeptical due to the strong semantic divergence from Etymology 1, and separates the two roots.[4] Cheung critiques Mayrhofer's analysis, noting that "many of the derivative formations of yav2 (sic) seem to be (relatively) late, hapax or nonce" (suggesting a secondary derivation), as well as Mayrhofer basing his argument on the supposed existence of a separate root for Etymology 2 in Proto-Indo-European, which does not seem to exist.[5][6]

Root

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*yaw-[5]

  1. to separate, keep off
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*i̯au1”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 215
  2. 2.0 2.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “yav [1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 614-5
  3. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 402-3
  4. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “YAV2”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 403 of 403-4
  5. 5.0 5.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “yav [1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 615
  6. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*i̯au2”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 215-6