Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьrvь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

PIE word
*kʷŕ̥mis

From Pre-Slavic *kírwis, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kírmis, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis (“worm”).

Noun

*čь̃rvь or *čь̑rvь m

1. worm, larva

Declension

Declension of *čь̃rvь (i-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*čь̃rvь	*čьrvì	*čь̃rvьjē, *čь̃rvľē*
genitive	*čь̃rvi	*čь̃rvьju, *čьrvľu*	*čьrvь̀jь, *čь̃rvi*
dative	*čьrvì	*čь̃rvьma	*čьrvь̀mъ
accusative	*čь̃rvь	*čьrvì	*čьrvì
instrumental	*čьrvь̀mь	*čь̃rvьma	*čь̃rvьmī
locative	*čь̃rvi	*čь̃rvьju, *čьrvľu*	*čьrvь̀xъ
vocative	*čьrvi	*čьrvì	*čь̃rvьjē, *čь̃rvľē*

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Declension of *čь̑rvь (i-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*čь̑rvь	*čь̑rvi	*čь̑rvьjē, *čь̑rvľē*
genitive	*čьrví	*čьrvьjù, *čьrvľu*	*čьrvь̀jь
dative	*čь̑rvi	*čьrvьmà	*čь̑rvьmъ
accusative	*čь̑rvь	*čь̑rvi	*čь̑rvi
instrumental	*čь̑rvьmь	*čьrvьmà	*čьrvьmì
locative	*čьrví	*čьrvьjù, *čьrvľu*	*čь̑rvьxъ
vocative	*čьrvi	*čь̑rvi	*čь̑rvьjē, *čь̑rvľē*

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *čьrviti (“to crush worms; to blush”)
  • *čьrvenъ, *čьrvjenъ (“red”)
  • *čьrvěti (“to be red”)
  • *čьrvivъ, *čьrvavъ (“reddish”)
• *čьrvьjь, *čьrvьcь m, *čьrvica f (diminutives)
• *čьrvakъ (augmenative)
• *čьrva (“wormhole”)
• *čьrvatъ (“plagued by worms”)

Related terms

• *čьrmь (“creep”)
• *čьrtъ (“evil demon”) (possibly)
• *čьrvъ (“sickle”)
• *červo (“gut”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: чьрвь (čĭrvĭ), червь (červĭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: червъ (červ), червь (červʹ)
      • Ukrainian: черв (červ), (dialectal) чер (čer)
    • Russian: червь (červʹ), (dialectal) че́рев (čérev), черь (čerʹ), це́рва f (cérva)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: чрьвь (črĭvĭ)

    Glagolitic: ⱍⱃⱐⰲⱐ (črĭvĭ)

  • Bulgarian: че́рвей (čérvej)
  • Macedonian: црв (crv)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: цр̑в

    Latin: cȓv

  • Slovene: čȓv (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: črv
    • Czech: červ
  • Old Polish: czyrw, czyrzw
    • Polish: czerw
  • Polabian: carv
  • Slovak: červ
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: čerw
    • Lower Sorbian: cerw

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čьrvь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 171
• Verweij, Arno (1994) “Quantity Patterns of Substantives in Czech and Slovak”, in Dutch Contributions to the Eleventh International Congress of Slavists, Bratislava (Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics)‎^[2], volume 22, Editions Rodopi B.V., page 539