fortifier

English

Etymology

fortify +‎ -er.

Noun

fortifier (plural fortifiers)

1. One who fortifies.

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French fortifier, borrowed from Late Latin fortificāre (“strengthen, fortify”), from Latin fortis.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

fortifier

1. to fortify (make stronger)

   Synonym: renforcer

Conjugation

Conjugation of fortifier (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	fortifier
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	fortifiant /fɔʁ.ti.fjɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		fortifié /fɔʁ.ti.fje/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	fortifie /fɔʁ.ti.fi/	fortifies /fɔʁ.ti.fi/	fortifie /fɔʁ.ti.fi/	fortifions /fɔʁ.ti.fjɔ̃/	fortifiez /fɔʁ.ti.fje/	fortifient /fɔʁ.ti.fi/
	imperfect	fortifiais /fɔʁ.ti.fjɛ/	fortifiais /fɔʁ.ti.fjɛ/	fortifiait /fɔʁ.ti.fjɛ/	fortifiions /fɔʁ.ti.fi.jɔ̃/	fortifiiez /fɔʁ.ti.fi.je/	fortifiaient /fɔʁ.ti.fjɛ/
	past historic2	fortifiai /fɔʁ.ti.fje/	fortifias /fɔʁ.ti.fja/	fortifia /fɔʁ.ti.fja/	fortifiâmes /fɔʁ.ti.fjam/	fortifiâtes /fɔʁ.ti.fjat/	fortifièrent /fɔʁ.ti.fjɛʁ/
	future	fortifierai /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁe/	fortifieras /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁa/	fortifiera /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁa/	fortifierons /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁɔ̃/	fortifierez /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁe/	fortifieront /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	fortifierais /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁɛ/	fortifierais /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁɛ/	fortifierait /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁɛ/	fortifierions /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁjɔ̃/	fortifieriez /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁje/	fortifieraient /fɔʁ.ti.fi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	fortifie /fɔʁ.ti.fi/	fortifies /fɔʁ.ti.fi/	fortifie /fɔʁ.ti.fi/	fortifiions /fɔʁ.ti.fi.jɔ̃/	fortifiiez /fɔʁ.ti.fi.je/	fortifient /fɔʁ.ti.fi/
	imperfect2	fortifiasse /fɔʁ.ti.fjas/	fortifiasses /fɔʁ.ti.fjas/	fortifiât /fɔʁ.ti.fja/	fortifiassions /fɔʁ.ti.fja.sjɔ̃/	fortifiassiez /fɔʁ.ti.fja.sje/	fortifiassent /fɔʁ.ti.fjas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	fortifie /fɔʁ.ti.fi/	—	fortifions /fɔʁ.ti.fjɔ̃/	fortifiez /fɔʁ.ti.fje/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

• fort
• fortification
• fortitude

Further reading

• “fortifier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Middle French

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin fortifico, fortificare.

Verb

fortifier

1. to fortify (make stronger)

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of fortifier

infinitive	simple	fortifier
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2	simple	fortifiant
	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		fortifié
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	fortifie	fortifies	fortifie	fortifions	fortifiez	fortifient
	imperfect	fortifiois, fortifioys	fortifiois, fortifioys	fortifioit, fortifioyt	fortifiions, fortifiyons	fortifiiez, fortifiyez	fortifioient, fortifioyent
	past historic	fortifia	fortifias	fortifia	fortifiasmes	fortifiastes	fortifierent
	future	fortifierai, fortifieray	fortifieras	fortifiera	fortifierons	fortifierez	fortifieront
	conditional	fortifierois, fortifieroys	fortifierois, fortifieroys	fortifieroit, fortifieroyt	fortifierions, fortifieryons	fortifieriez, fortifieryez	fortifieroient, fortifieroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	fortifie	fortifies	fortifie	fortifions	fortifiez	fortifient
	imperfect	fortifiasse	fortifiasses	fortifiast	fortifiassions	fortifiassiez	fortifiassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	fortifie	—	fortifions	fortifiez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Synonyms

• renforcer

Descendants

• → English: fortify
• French: fortifier