miễn cưỡng

Vietnamese

Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 勉強, composed of 勉 (“to force”) and 強 (“to compel”), from Literary Chinese 勉強 (“to compel; compelled; reluctant”). Compare Japanese 勉強 (benkyō, “self-imposed work; study; learning”).

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [miən˦ˀ˥ kɨəŋ˦ˀ˥]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [miəŋ˧˨ kɨəŋ˧˨]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [miəŋ˨˩˦ kɨəŋ˨˩˦]

Adjective

miễn cưỡng

1. unwilling; reluctant

Adverb

miễn cưỡng

1. unwillingly; reluctantly