pod
English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle English *pod ("seed-pod, husk, shell, outer covering"; attested in pod-ware (“legume seed; seed grain”)), likely from Old English pād (“an outer garment, covering, coat, cloak”), from Proto-West Germanic *paidu, from Proto-Germanic *paidō (“coat, smock, shirt”), from Proto-Indo-European *baiteh₂- (“woolen clothes”). Cognate with Old Saxon pēda (“skirt”), German dialectal Pfeid, Pfeit (“shirt”), Gothic 𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰 (paida, “mantle, skirt”), Albanian petk (“gown, garment, dress, suit”), Ancient Greek βαίτη (baítē, “goat-skin, fur-coat, tent”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈpɒd/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - (US) IPA(key): /ˈpɑd/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɒd
- Homophone: pawed (in accents with the cot-caught merger)
Noun[edit]
pod (plural pods)
- (botany) A seed case for legumes (e.g. peas, beans, peppers); a seedpod.
- A small vehicle, especially used in emergency situations.
- (obsolete, UK, dialect) A bag; a pouch.
- 1557 February 13, Thomas Tusser, A Hundreth Good Pointes of Husbandrie., London: […] Richard Tottel, →OCLC; republished London: […] Robert Triphook, […], and William Sancho, […], 1810, →OCLC:
- cart, that is clouted and shod,
cart ladder and wimble, with perser and pod
- (collective, zoology) A group of whales, dolphins, seals, porpoises or hippopotami.
- Synonym: gam
- (by extension) A group of people who regularly interact.
- 2016, Joseph Henrich, chapter 8, in The Secret of Our Success […] , Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN:
- These matrilineal groups associate with related families, who are probably sister lineages, to form pods.
- 2021 October 1, Calder Katyal, “Schools Need to Undo the Damage of Pods”, in The Atlantic[2]:
- For many people forming pods last year, finding compatible people to group with was not a cost but a goal. Private companies that create educational software for pods report that people prefer to group with their friends in order to reduce the incentive to have social contacts outside of their pods.
- A small section of a larger office, compartmentalised for a specific purpose.
- A subsection of a prison, containing a number of inmates.
- A very small room or space for one person to inhabit, as in a capsule hotel.
- A nicotine cartridge.
- A lie-flat business or first class seat.
- A tapered, cylindrical body of ore or minerals.
- A straight channel or groove in the body of certain forms of, usually tapered, augers and boring-bits.
- (informal, Internet) Clipping of podcast.
Hyponyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- azipod
- bagpod
- bladderpod
- buddy pod
- coffee pod
- conopodous
- cosmopod
- crotalaria pod borer
- cryopod
- drop pod
- egg pod
- escape pod
- fringepod
- holopod
- lacepod
- lancepod
- like peas in a pod
- like two peas in a pod
- monkeypod
- monkey pod
- nanopod
- orped
- people pod
- pod auger
- pod bit
- podcar
- podcase
- pod corn
- podder
- poddy
- podhead
- pod hotel
- podiform
- podlet
- podlike
- podmate
- pod mod
- pod person
- pod shaver
- pod slurping
- pod vegetable
- protopod
- rattlepod
- rocket pod
- rod pod
- satinpod
- screw pod mesquite
- screw pod mesquite
- seedpod
- sicklepod
- sidepod
- superpod
- tail-pod radish
- waxpod
Translations[edit]
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See also[edit]
Verb[edit]
pod (third-person singular simple present pods, present participle podding, simple past and past participle podded)
- (intransitive) To bear or produce pods
- 1849, Herman Melville, Mardi, and a Voyage Thither:
- Wherefore it was, that many ignorant Mardians, who had not pushed their investigations into the science of physiology, sagely divined, that the Tapparians must have podded into life like peas, instead of being otherwise indebted for their existence.
- 1939, Leonard Alfred George Strong, The Open Sky, page 64:
- David looked seawards along the river. He stared, rubbed his eyes, and stared again. One of the rocks seemed to have podded into something swollen, black and smooth.
- 2012, Deborah Moggach, You Must Be Sisters, →ISBN, page 219:
- In the herbaceous border many flowers had seeded and podded; spears of them, brown, now rose up behind the mauve blur of the michaelmas daisies.
- (transitive) To remove peas from their case.
- (transitive, intransitive) To put into a pod or to enter a pod.
- 1955, Military Review - Volume 35, Issue 9, page 81:
- Thus the torpedoes will have to be stored internally or be podded into streamline containers.
- 1957, Aviation Week - Volume 66, page 23:
- Lycoming is working on a twin T53 or T55 turboprop installation whereby two engines would be podded together to drive a single propeller.
- 2004, Yefim Gordon, Dmitriy Komissarov, Antonov An-12 Cub, page 90:
- One, called An- 12BZ-2, was a single-point hose-and- drogue tanker similar to the RAF's Lockheed C-130K Hercules C.1K, except that the hose drum unit was podded, not built in.
- 2006, Journal of the British Interplanetary Society - Volume 59, page 130:
- This was to be achieved by increasing the number of Lotarev D-18T engines to 8 by podding the inboard pylons on each side to take two engines (see Fig. 7).
- 2011, Roger Cliff, Chad J. R. Ohlandt, David Yang, Ready for Takeoff: China's Advancing Aerospace Industry, →ISBN:
- In June 2009, the company opened another facility in Tianjin to provide nacelle and thrust-reverser MRO services and to support engine buildup and podding work for the new Airbus A320 assembly line in the same city.
- 2012, Gabriel Blue Melchizedek, The Alienvirus, →ISBN:
- Then i was podded by a buddie of mine, working the burrough next to mine, all humans had a blue rabbit glow around them and seemed to sleep walk out of the burrough out in to a field while a sound like; ta-ta-dah-taaa, soundeḍ ̣̪continously [sic], where they waited while looking up in the sky.
- (intransitive) To swell or fill.
Translations[edit]
References[edit]
- “pod”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
Anagrams[edit]
Cebuano[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- Hyphenation: pod
Adverb[edit]
pod
Czech[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Preposition[edit]
pod
- under (direction, + accusative case)
- Potřebuju se dostat pod ten most. ― I need to get under that bridge.
- below, under (location, + instrumental case)
Further reading[edit]
- pod in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- pod in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
Lower Sorbian[edit]
Preposition[edit]
pod
Masurian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Old Polish pod.
Pronunciation[edit]
Preposition[edit]
pod
- denotes location; under, underneath [+instrumental]
- denotes movement; to under, to underneath [+accusative]
- denotes near location; near [+instrumental]
- denotes movement towards; to [+accusative]
- denotes object of actions [+accusative]
- denotes tools, particularly of agricultural use [+accusative]
- denotes manner of agricultural activity [+accusative]
- denotes position in a hierarchy; under [+accusative] or [+instrumental]
- denotes a term containing an explanation; under [+instrumental]
- denotes boundary or edge; at [+accusative]
- denotes intended object for some action or other object; for [+accusative] or [+instrumental]
- denotes material of construction, typically of a roof; of [+accusative]
- denotes temporal proximity; around [+instrumental]
- denotes an approcimate value; almost, nearly, just under [+accusative]
- denotes contemporary action; during [+instrumental]
- denotes gained effect [+accusative]
- denotes object against which someone struggles; against [+accusative]
- denotes categorizers, i.e. a last name under which someone may find information; under [+instrumental]
- denotes coexisting factor; under [+instrumental]
- denotes actions [+instrumental]
- denotes degree of someone's needs that are met [+accusative] or [+instrumental]
- denotes reference points [+accusative]
Further reading[edit]
- Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2024) “pod”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur[3], volume 6, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, pages 138-142
Old Czech[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.
Pronunciation[edit]
Preposition[edit]
pod
- Denotes movement; to under, to underneath [+accusative]
- Denotes movement up, upward [+accusative]
- Denotes movement down, below, downward [+accusative]
- Denotes duration to, until; by [+accusative]
- Denotes amount under; less than [+accusative]
- Denotes inferiority sub, less than [+accusative]
- Denotes subordination to under [+accusative]
- according to [+accusative]
- as a result of [+accusative] or [+zlw- instrumental]
- for, to (an end, an aim, a purpose) [+accusative] or [+instrumental]
- Denotes location near; under, underneath [+instrumental]
- Denotes relation of items worn under; in, dressed in [+instrumental]
- Denotes subordination under [+instrumental]
- Denotes duration during; in [+instrumental]
- Denotes elapsing of time in; after [+instrumental]
- Denotes period of someone's rule during [+instrumental]
- Denotes amount up to [+instrumental]
- Denotes inferiority sub, less than [+instrumental]
- Creates an adverb from a noun. [+instrumental]
- Denotes form or shape under; in the form of [+instrumental]
- Denotes instrumentality through, with, by means of [+instrumental]
- Used with documents, contracts, etc. on the basis of [+instrumental]
- according to [+instrumental]
- Denotes protection, guidance, or watching under [+instrumental]
- Denotes consequences of unfulfilled obligation under, on pain of [+instrumental]
- despite, in spite of [+instrumental]
Descendants[edit]
- Czech: pod
References[edit]
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “pod”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation[edit]
Preposition[edit]
pod
- denotes location; under, underneath [+instrumental]
- denotes near location; near; under, at [+instrumental]
- denotes comitative location; with [+instrumental]
- denotes time when something took place; during [+instrumental]
- denotes sequence in time; after [+instrumental]
- Synonym: po
- used with documents, contracts, etc. on the basis of; as a result of [+instrumental]
- despite, against [+instrumental]
- denotes form or shape under; in the form of [+instrumental]
- denotes subordination under [+instrumental]
- denotes period of someone's rule during [+instrumental]
- denotes protection, guidance, or watching under [+instrumental] or [+accusative]
- denotes consequences of unfulfilled obligation under, on pain of [+instrumental] or [+accusative]
- denotes movement; to under, to underneath [+accusative]
- denotes movement; to; toward [+accusative]
- denotes preceding time just before [+accusative]
- The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
- denotes source of a given right or authority under [+accusative]
- The meaning of this term is uncertain.
- 1956 [Fifteenth century], Jerzy Woronczak, editor, Teksty polskie w rękopisie nr 43 Biblioteki Kapitulnej we Wrocławiu z połowy XV wieku[4], Silesia, page 112r:
- Ibant apostoli gaudentes a conspectu, pod oblicze (pro od oblicza?), concilli (Act 5, 41)
- [Ibant apostoli gaudentes a conspectu, pod oblicze (pro od oblicza?), concilli (Act 5, 41)]
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “pod”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “pod”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “pod, pode”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Old Polish pod.
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): (isolated) /pɔt/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈpɔt/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɔt
- Syllabification: pod
- Homophones: pot, pod-
Preposition[edit]
pod
- denotes location; under, underneath [+instrumental]
- denotes movement; to under, to underneath [+accusative]
- denotes movement against; against [+accusative]
- Antonym: z
- pod wiatr ― against the wind
- Nie płyń pod prąd! ― Don't swim against the current!
- denotes near location; near [+instrumental]
- denotes movement to a near location; toward [+accusative]
- denotes protection, guidance, or watching under [+instrumental]
- denotes motion towards protection, guidance, or watching to under [+accusative]
- Antonym: spod
- denotes cause under; under [+instrumental]
- pod przymusem ― under duress
- pod wpływem ― under the infuence of
- denotes consequences of unfulfilled obligation under, on pain of [+instrumental]
- denotes name of object; under [+instrumental]
- pod tytułem ― under the title of
- denotes location, particularly of addresses; at [+instrumental]
- denotes movement, particularly of addresses; to [+accusative]
- denotes instrumentality or cause; because of, with [+instrumental]
- Synonym: spod
- pod piórem ― by (an author)
- denotes recepient; to, aimed at [+accusative]
- (colloquial) denotes amount less than; under [+accusative]
- (colloquial) denotes object of eating immediately after drinking [+accusative]
- (colloquial) denotes cause of celebration [+accusative]
- Synonym: z okazji
Trivia[edit]
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), pod is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 157 times in scientific texts, 153 times in news, 109 times in essays, 165 times in fiction, and 84 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 668 times, making it the 70th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- pod in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- pod in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “pod, pode”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], (Can we date this quote?)
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “pod”, in Słownik języka polskiego[5]
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “pod”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[6]
- A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “pod”, in Słownik języka polskiego[7] (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 330
Romanian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- под (pod) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic подъ (podŭ), from Proto-Slavic *podъ.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
pod n (plural poduri)
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
Serbo-Croatian[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
pȍd m (Cyrillic spelling по̏д)
Declension[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.
Alternative forms[edit]
- poda (enclitic pronominal form)
Pronunciation[edit]
Preposition[edit]
pȍd (Cyrillic spelling по̏д)
- under, beneath (with change of position, answering the question kùda) [+accusative]
- under, beneath (stationary, answering the question gdjȅ/gdȅ) [+instrumental]
- under, beneath (being in a particular condition) [+instrumental]
- biti pod sumnjom ― to be under suspicion
- biti pod pritiskom ― to be under pressure
- biti pod dojmom ― to be under impression
- pod oružjem ― under arms
- biti pod nadzorom ― to be under supervision/surveillance
- biti pod nečijom zaštitom ― to be under someone's protection
- biti pod naglaskom ― to be accented (stressed), to be under the accent (stress)
- pisati pod pseudonimom ― to write under the pen name, pseudonymously
- biti pod zakletvom ― to be under oath
- near, toward, in (temporal, with nouns denoting a final temporal segment) [+accusative]
- pod jesen ― toward fall
- pod kraj ― near the end
- pod starost ― in one's old age
- during (temporal) [+instrumental]
- pod odmorom ― during the (school) break
- pod pauzom ― during the (job) break
- pod satom ― during the (school) lesson
- pod vladavinom ― during the reign of
- as, instead of, in lieu of [+accusative]
- pokušati prodati mrkvu pod rotkvu ― to try selling carrot as radish
- miscellaneous idiomatic meanings
- baciti pod noge ― to reject, throw away
- nebu pod oblake ― far away
- pod uv(j)etom/uslovom da ― under the condition of, on the condition that
- pod izgovorom ― under the pretext
- pod Zagrebom ― near Zagreb
- pod Velebitom ― at the foot of Velebit, on the foothills of Velebit
- pod korovom ― covered/overgrown with weed
- ništa pod (milim) bogom ― absolutely nothing
- pod kontrolom (with genitive) ― under the control (of)
- pod tim(e) mislim ― by that I mean
- biti pod antibioticima ― to be on antibiotics
- pod pravim kutom ― perpendicular
- To je pod moranje. ― That is obligatory.
Silesian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Old Polish pod.
Pronunciation[edit]
Preposition[edit]
pod
- denotes location; under, underneath [+instrumental]
- denotes movement; to under, to underneath [+accusative]
- denotes near location; near; under, at [+instrumental]
- denotes movement; to; toward [+accusative]
- denotes name of object; under [+instrumental]
- pod tytułym ― under the title of
- denotes consequences of unfulfilled obligation under, on pain of [+instrumental]
Further reading[edit]
Slovak[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.
Pronunciation[edit]
Preposition[edit]
pod (+ instrumental)
Further reading[edit]
- “pod”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Slovene[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podъ.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
pȍd m inan
Inflection[edit]
Masculine inan., hard o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | pòd | ||
gen. sing. | pôda | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
pòd | pôda | pôdi |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
pôda | pôdov | pôdov |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
pôdu | pôdoma | pôdom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
pòd | pôda | pôde |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
pôdu | pôdih | pôdih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
pôdom | pôdoma | pôdi |
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “pod”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Volapük[edit]
Noun[edit]
pod (nominative plural pods)
Declension[edit]
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/ɒd
- Rhymes:English/ɒd/1 syllable
- English terms with homophones
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Botany
- English terms with obsolete senses
- British English
- English dialectal terms
- English terms with quotations
- English collective nouns
- en:Zoology
- English informal terms
- en:Internet
- English clippings
- English verbs
- English intransitive verbs
- English transitive verbs
- Cebuano lemmas
- Cebuano adverbs
- Cebuano focus adverbs
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms inherited from Old Czech
- Czech terms derived from Old Czech
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech terms with audio links
- Czech prepositions
- Czech lemmas
- Czech terms with usage examples
- Lower Sorbian lemmas
- Lower Sorbian prepositions
- Lower Sorbian superseded forms
- Masurian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Masurian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Masurian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Masurian terms derived from Old Polish
- Masurian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Masurian lemmas
- Masurian prepositions
- Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Czech lemmas
- Old Czech prepositions
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish prepositions
- Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔt
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔt/1 syllable
- Polish terms with homophones
- Polish lemmas
- Polish prepositions
- Polish terms with usage examples
- Polish terms with collocations
- Polish colloquialisms
- Romanian terms borrowed from Old Church Slavonic
- Romanian terms derived from Old Church Slavonic
- Romanian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Romanian/od
- Rhymes:Romanian/od/1 syllable
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Romanian dated terms
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Serbo-Croatian terms with collocations
- Serbo-Croatian prepositions
- Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Old Polish
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/ɔt
- Rhymes:Silesian/ɔt/1 syllable
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian prepositions
- Silesian terms with collocations
- Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak lemmas
- Slovak prepositions
- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene 1-syllable words
- Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovene lemmas
- Slovene nouns
- Slovene masculine inanimate nouns
- Slovene masculine nouns
- Slovene inanimate nouns
- Slovene masculine hard o-stem nouns
- Slovene nouns with accent alternations
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük nouns
- vo:Fruits