wardum

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Akkadian

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Root
w-r-d
2 terms

Etymology

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From Proto-Semitic *w-r-d- (to be led, to descend, to be taken down from a place), possibly corroborated by the logogram used to write this word, originally containing the sign 𒆳 (kur, highland, foreign country) (compare 𒀴 and 𒀵), the Sumerian term being likely derived from an Akkadian borrowing; compare Hebrew יַרְדֵּן (yarden).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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wardum m (construct state warad, plural wardū) (from Old Akkadian on)

  1. male slave, male servant
    • 1755–1750 BCE, King Hammurabi of Babylon, translated by OMNIKA Foundation, Hammurabi Code[1], The Louvre, Law 205:
      𒋳𒈠 𒀵 𒀀𒉿𒅆 𒇷𒂊𒀉 𒌉 𒀀𒉿𒅆 𒉎𒋫𒄩𒊍 𒌑𒍪𒌦𒋗 𒄿𒈾𒀝𒆠𒋢
      [šumma warad awīlim lēt mār awīlim imtaḫaṣ uzuššu inakkisū]
      šum-ma IR₁₁ a-wi-lim le-e-et DUMU a-wi-lim im-ta-ḫa-aṣ u₂-zu-un-šu i-na-ak-ki-su
      If the slave of a free man has struck the cheek of a free man, his ear will be cut off.
  2. official, subordinate, soldier
  3. follower, subject of a king, worshiper of a deity

Alternative forms

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Cuneiform spellings
Logograms Phonetic
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References

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  • “ardu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)[2], volume 1, A, part 2, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1968, page 243
  • Black, Jeremy, George, Andrew, Postgate, Nicholas (2000) “(w)ardu(m)”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, page 434
  • Huehnergard, John (2011) A Grammar of Akkadian (Harvard Semitic Studies; 45), 3rd edition, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns