сека

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sěťi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sɛˈkɤ]

Verb

сека́ • (seká) first-singular present indicative

1. to cut

Conjugation

    Conjugation of сека́ (conjugation 1.1, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	сеча́щ, сече́щ1 sečášt, sečéšt1	ся́къл sjákǎl	сеча́л, сече́л1 sečál, sečél1	се́чен séčen		сече́йки sečéjki
	definite subject form	сеча́щият, сече́щият1 sečáštijat, sečéštijat1	се́клият séklijat	—	се́ченият séčenijat
	definite object form	сеча́щия, сече́щия1 sečáštija, sečéštija1	се́клия séklija	—	се́чения séčenija
feminine	indefinite	сеча́ща, сече́ща1 sečášta, sečéšta1	ся́кла sjákla	сеча́ла, сече́ла1 sečála, sečéla1	се́чена séčena
	definite	сеча́щата, сече́щата1 sečáštata, sečéštata1	ся́клата sjáklata	—	се́чената séčenata
neuter	indefinite	сеча́що, сече́що1 sečášto, sečéšto1	ся́кло sjáklo	сеча́ло, сече́ло1 sečálo, sečélo1	се́чено séčeno	се́чене séčene
	definite	сеча́щото, сече́щото1 sečáštoto, sečéštoto1	ся́клото sjákloto	—	се́ченото séčenoto	се́ченето séčeneto
plural	indefinite	сеча́щи, сече́щи1 sečášti, sečéšti1	се́кли sékli	сеча́ли, сече́ли1 sečáli, sečéli1	се́чени séčeni	се́чения, се́ченета séčenija, séčeneta
	definite	сеча́щите, сече́щите1 sečáštite, sečéštite1	се́клите séklite	—	се́чените séčenite	се́ченията, се́ченетата séčenijata, séčenetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		сека́ seká	сече́ш sečéš	сече́ sečé	сече́м sečém	сече́те sečéte	сека́т sekát
imperfect		сеча́х, сече́х1 sečáh, sečéh1	сече́ше sečéše	сече́ше sečéše	сеча́хме, сече́хме1 sečáhme, sečéhme1	сеча́хте, сече́хте1 sečáhte, sečéhte1	сеча́ха, сече́ха1 sečáha, sečéha1
aorist		ся́кох sjákoh	се́че séče	се́че séče	ся́кохме sjákohme	ся́кохте sjákohte	ся́коха sjákoha
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ся́къл m, ся́кла f, ся́кло n, or се́кли pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ся́къл m, ся́кла f, ся́кло n, or се́кли pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and ся́къл m, ся́кла f, ся́кло n, or се́кли pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ся́къл m, ся́кла f, ся́кло n, or се́кли pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and сеча́л/сече́л1 m, сеча́ла/сече́ла1 f, сеча́ло/сече́ло1 n, or сеча́ли/сече́ли1 pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ся́къл m, ся́кла f, ся́кло n, or се́кли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ся́къл m, ся́кла f, ся́кло n, or се́кли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ся́къл m, ся́кла f, ся́кло n, or се́кли pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and сеча́л/сече́л1 m, сеча́ла/сече́ла1 f, сеча́ло/сече́ло1 n, or сеча́ли/сече́ли1 pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ся́къл m, ся́кла f, ся́кло n, or се́кли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ся́къл m, ся́кла f, ся́кло n, or се́кли pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and сеча́л/сече́л1 m, сеча́ла/сече́ла1 f, сеча́ло/сече́ло1 n, or сеча́ли/сече́ли1 pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ся́къл m, ся́кла f, ся́кло n, or се́кли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ся́къл m, ся́кла f, ся́кло n, or се́кли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ся́къл m, ся́кла f, ся́кло n, or се́кли pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ся́къл m, ся́кла f, ся́кло n, or се́кли pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			сечи́ sečí			сече́те sečéte

¹Largely fallen into disuse.

References

• “сека”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “сека”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Macedonian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsɛka]
• Hyphenation: се‧ка

Verb

сека • (seka) third-singular present, impf

1. (intransitive) to flash, sparkle (of lightning)

   Synonyms: молска (molska), светка (svetka)

2. (figurative) to stab, twinge (of pain)

   Synonyms: жега (žega), боде (bode), боли (boli)

Usage notes

• This verb is impersonal and some of the forms in the table below are hypothetical.

Conjugation

Conjugation of сека (imperfective, present in -а)

l-participles	imperfect	aorist	non-finite forms
masculine	секал	—	adjectival participle	—
feminine	секала	—	adverbial participle	секајќи
neuter	секало	—	verbal noun	секање
plural	секале	—	perfect participle	секано
	present	imperfect	aorist	imperative
1st singular	секам	секав	—	—
2nd singular	секаш	секаше	—	секај
3rd singular	сека	секаше	—	—
1st plural	секаме	секавме	—	—
2nd plural	секате	секавте	—	секајте
3rd plural	секаат	секаа	—	—
Compound tenses
perfect	сум секал		present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle
има-perfect	имам секано		present of има + perfect participle
pluperfect	бев секал		imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle
има-pluperfect	имав секано		imperfect of има + perfect participle
има-perfect reported	сум имал секано		perfect of има + perfect participle
future	ќе секам		ќе + present
има-future	ќе имам секано		future of има + perfect participle
future in the past	ќе секав		ќе + imperfect
има-future in the past	ќе имав секано		future in the past of има + perfect participle
future reported	ќе сум секал		ќе + imperfect l-participle
има-future reported	ќе сум имал секано		future reported of има + perfect participle
conditional	би секал		би + imperfect l-participle
има-conditional	би имал секано		conditional of има + perfect participle

Related terms

• секавица f (sekavica)
• секавичен (sekavičen)
• секавично (sekavično)
• секавичност f (sekavičnost)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From сѐстра.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sěːka/
• Hyphenation: се‧ка

Noun

се́ка f (Latin spelling séka)

1. (informal) sis (an affectionate term for a sister or female cousin)

References

• “сека” in Hrvatski jezični portal