ܚܐܪܘܬܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology

From ܚܹܐܪܵܐ (ḥērā, “free”) + the abstract noun ending -ܘܬܐ (-utā).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xiːruːtɑː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ħeːruːθɑː]

Noun

ܚܹܐܪܘܼܬܵܐ • (ḥērūtā) f (plural ܚܹܐܪ̈ܘܵܬܹܐ (ḥērwātē))

1. freedom, liberty, free will

   ܐܝܼܬ ܠܲܢ ܚܹܐܪܘܼܬܵܐ ܓܵܘ ܕܐܵܗܵܐ ܐܲܬܪܵܐ

   ītlan ḥērutā gāw d-āhā atrā.

   We have freedom in this country.

2. (figuratively) nobility, good breeding

Declension

Inflection of ܚܹܐܪܘܼܬܵܐ (ḥērūtā)

number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
singular	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܹܐܪܘܼܬܝܼ (ḥērūtī)		ܚܹܐܪܘܼܬܲܢ (ḥērūtan)
	construct	ܚܹܐܪܘܼܬ (ḥērūt)	2nd person	ܚܹܐܪܘܼܬܘܼܟ݂ (ḥērūtūḵ)	ܚܹܐܪܘܼܬܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥērūtāḵ)	ܚܹܐܪܘܼܬܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥērūtāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܹܐܪܘܼܬܵܐ (ḥērūtā)	3rd person	ܚܹܐܪܘܼܬܹܗ (ḥērūtēh)	ܚܹܐܪܘܼܬܘܿܗ̇ (ḥērūtōh)	ܚܹܐܪܘܼܬܗܘܿܢ (ḥēruthōn)
plural	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܹܐܪ̈ܘܵܬܝܼ (ḥērwātī)		ܚܹܐܪ̈ܘܵܬܲܢ (ḥērwātan)
	construct	ܚܹܐܪ̈ܘܼܬܲܝ (ḥērūtay)	2nd person	ܚܹܐܪ̈ܘܵܬܘܼܟ݂ (ḥērwātūḵ)	ܚܹܐܪ̈ܘܵܬܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥērwātāḵ)	ܚܹܐܪ̈ܘܵܬܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥērwātāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܹܐܪ̈ܘܵܬܹܐ (ḥērwātē)	3rd person	ܚܹܐܪ̈ܘܵܬܘܼܗܝ (ḥērwātūh)	ܚܹܐܪ̈ܘܵܬܘܿܗ̇ (ḥērwātōh)	ܚܹܐܪ̈ܘܵܬܗܘܿܢ (ḥērwāthōn)

Antonyms

• ܥܲܒ݂ܕܘܼܬܵܐ (ʿawdutā, “slavery”)

Classical Syriac

Alternative forms

• ܚܝܪܘܬܐ, ܚܪܘܬܐ

Etymology

From the root ܚ-ܪ (ḥ-r) related to freedom. Compare Arabic حُرِّيَّة (ḥurriyya) and Hebrew חֵרוּת (ḥērûṯ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħe(ʔ)ruθɑ]

Noun

ܚܐܪܘܬܐ • (ḥērūṯā) f (uncountable)

1. liberty, freedom, free will
2. (figuratively) nobility, good breeding
3. generosity, good manners, politeness
4. continence

Inflection

    declension of ܚܐܪܘܬܐ

state	singular (uncountable)
absolute	ܚܐܪܘ
construct	ܚܐܪܘܬ
emphatic	ܚܐܪܘܬܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܐܪܘܬܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܐܪܘܬܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܐܪܘܬܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܐܪܘܬܗ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܐܪܘܬܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܐܪܘܬܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܐܪܘܬܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܐܪܘܬܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܐܪܘܬܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܐܪܘܬܗܝܢ

Antonyms

• ܥܒܕܘܬܐ

References

• “ḥyryw”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 115a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 122a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 403a