From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: , , , and
U+ADF8, 그
HANGUL SYLLABLE GEU
Composition: +

[U+ADF7]
Hangul Syllables
[U+ADF9]

귿


규 ←→ 긔

Jeju

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Determiner

[edit]

(geu)

  1. (demonstrative) that

Usage notes

[edit]

(geu) is used for items closer to the listener than to the speaker, and (jeo) is used for items far from both the speaker and the listener

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean  (Yale: ).

The 3rd-person pronoun sense is widely believed to be introduced together with 그녀 (geunyeo) by Kim Dong-in in the early 20th century,[1] probably calque of Japanese (かれ) (kare), which became a personal pronoun in addition to a demonstrative pronoun due to the influence of European languages. However, the demonstratives 이〮 (í), (ku), and 뎌〮 (tyé) were all used occasionally in Middle Korean as 3rd person pronouns as well.[2]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɯ]
    • Audio:(file)
  • Phonetic hangul: []
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?geu
Revised Romanization (translit.)?geu
McCune–Reischauer?
Yale Romanization?ku

Determiner

[edit]

(geu)

  1. (demonstrative) that (of what has been already said or known)
    남자는 일본인입니까 아니면 중국인입니까? ― 그는 중국인입니다.
    geu namjaneun ilboninimnikka animyeon jungguginimnikka? ― geuneun jungguginimnida.
    Is that man Japanese or Chinese? ― He is Chinese.
    근데 방금 여자 누구에요?
    geunde banggeum geu yeoja nugueyo?
    By the way, who is that girl?
    사람들은 가족입니다.Geu saramdeureun gajogimnida.Those people are family.

Usage notes

[edit]

(geu) is used for items closer to the listener than to the speaker, and (jeo) is used for items far from both the speaker and the listener

Derived terms

[edit]
  • 그것 (geugeot, “that thing”)
  • 그곳 (geugot, “that place”)
  • 그때 (geuttae, “that moment”)
  • 그대로 (geudaero, “like that”)
  • 그렇다 (geureota, “to be that way”)
  • 그이 (geu'i, “he”)
  • 그놈 (geunom, “he”) (insulting)
  • 그놈들 (geunomdeul, “they”) (insulting)
  • 그년 (geunyeon, “she”) (insulting)

See also

[edit]
  • (i, “this”)
  • (jeo, “that”)

Pronoun

[edit]

(geu)

  1. (literary) he, she
    는 아무런 말도 없이 가버렸다.
    geuneun amureon maldo eopsi gabeoryeotda.
    He/She left without saying anything.

Usage notes

[edit]

그녀 (geunyeo, “she”) is an explicitly feminine third-person pronoun.

그 is never used as a pronoun in colloquial Korean. See (gyae, “he; she”) for the colloquial pronoun.

Synonyms

[edit]
  • (demonstrative, that): (jeo)

Antonyms

[edit]
  • (antonym(s) of demonstrative, this): (i)

Derived terms

[edit]

See also

[edit]
Korean demonstratives edit
Determiner 어느
Pronoun Human 이이 그이 저이
이분 그분 저분 어느
이자 그자 저자
Object () () 어느
이것 그것 저것 어느
이거 그거 저거 어느
Place 여기 거기 저기 어디
이곳 그곳 저곳 어느 곳
Direction 이쪽 그쪽 저쪽 어느
Time 이때 그때 접때 언제
Verb 이러다 그러다 저러다 어쩌다
이리하다 그리하다 저리하다 어찌하다
Adjective 이렇다 그렇다 저렇다 어떻다
이러하다 그러하다 저러하다 어떠하다
Adverb 이리 그리 저리 어찌
이렇게 그렇게 저렇게 어떻게
이만큼 그만큼 저만큼 얼마만큼(얼마큼)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Chae-un Yi (이재운), Ttŭt to morŭgo chaju ssŭnŭn uri mal ŏwŏn 500-kaji (뜻도 모르고 자주 쓰는 우리말 어원 500가지), 2008, →ISBN
  2. ^ 박재희 [bakjaehui] (2015) “3인칭대명사 ‘그’에 관한 소고 [3inchingdaemyeongsa ‘geu’e gwanhan sogo]”, in 한민족어문학, volume 71, pages 103-128