-вш

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Bulgarian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *-vъšь, past active participle ending. The element () is also found in the old comparative forms of adjectives.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [-fʃ]
  • Audio:(file)

Suffix

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-вш (-vš)

  1. (dated, obsolete) Deverbal from athematic verbs expressing a resultant or a quality induced by a past activity:
    бим (bim)/би́да (bída, to be, to become)бивш (bivš, former)
    дам (dam)/да́да (dáda, to give)давш (davš, grant) (dated)да́шен (dášen, generous)
    ям (jam)/яда (jada, to eat)ядш (jadš), явш (javš, fed) (dated)я́шен (jášen, epicure)
    съзнам (sǎznam)/съзная (sǎznaja, to realize)съзнавш (sǎznavš, realized, recognized) (dated)
  2. (dated, obsolete) Deverbal from simple thematic verbs expressing a resultant or a quality induced by a past activity:
    обви́я (obvíja, to wrap, to envelop)оби́вш (obívš) (obsolete)любвеоби́в (ljubveobív, loving) (literally: “surrounding with love”)
    мра (mra, to die)мървш (mǎrvš) (obsolete)мъ́рша (mǎ́rša, carcass, carrion) (literally: “dead flesh”)
    скри́я (skríja, to hide)скривш (skrivš) (obsolete)скри́шен (skríšen, secret)
    зе́я (zéja, to gape)зевш (zevš) (obsolete)зев (zev, oral cavity, gullet)

Usage notes

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In Modern Bulgarian, the derivatives constructed with this suffix are interpreted as normal adjectives. The past active participle construction has been lost.

Alternative forms

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  • (-v)regular, without emphatic
  • ()0-grade suffix

Derived terms

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References

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  • St. Stoyanov (1983) “Прилагателни имена от причастия”, in Граматика на съвременния български книжовен език, volume 2, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 150