-di

Basque

Etymology

Unknown.

Suffix

-di

1. Collective suffix usually attached to plant names.

   ‎elorri (“hawthorn”) + ‎-di → ‎elordi (“hawthorn grove”)

   ‎pinu (“pine tree”) + ‎-di → ‎pinudi (“pine forest”)

2. (neologism) group of people

   ‎gazte (“young person”) + ‎-di → ‎gaztedi (“youth”)

Usage notes

Many neologisms in common use were coined by Sabino Arana using this suffix.

Derived terms

Basque terms suffixed with -di

Navajo

Suffix

-di

1. at

   náánáłahdi ― at another place

   Kinłánídi óltaʼgi ― at the school in Flagstaff

2. times (with numbers)

   naakidi ― two times, twice

Usage notes

-gi is more specific than -di. -gi refers to a specific place within a generalized location marked by -di. The approximate location with -di comes first, followed by the specific -gi.

Turkish

Alternative forms

• -dı, -du, -dü, -tı, -ti, -tu, -tü

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *-ti (past tense suffix).

Suffix

-di

1. Past tense suffix.

   gel(-mek) (“(to) come”) → geldi (“he/she/it came”)

   sev(-mek) (“(to) love”) → sevdi (“he/she/it loved”)

2. Used in nouns to indicate that it has been seen in the past. Equivalent to was - were

   ev (“house”) → evdi (“it was a house”)

   ceviz (“walnut”) → cevizdi (“it was a walnut”)

Usage notes

• Personal suffixes are added after "-di".

  ye + -di + -m → yedim (“I ate”)

  ye + -di + -n → yedin (“you ate”)

  ye + -di → yedi (“he/she/it ate”)

  ye + -di + -k → yedik (“we ate”)

  ye + -di + -niz → yediniz (“you (pl.) ate”)

  ye + -di + -ler → yediler (“they ate”)

Uneapa

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *-dri, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *-ndi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ⁿdi/

Suffix

-di

1. A third-person plural possessive suffix.

Further reading

• Malcolm Ross, Proto Oceanic and the Austronesian Languages of Western Melanesia, Pacific Linguistics, series C-98 (1988)
• Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 365

Uzbek

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *-ti (past tense suffix).

Suffix

-di

1. Used to form past tense of verbs.