δῆμος
Ancient Greek
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /dɛ̂ː.mos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈde̝.mos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈði.mos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈði.mos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈði.mos/
Etymology 1
[edit]Unknown. Together with Mycenaean Greek 𐀅𐀗 (da-mo) traceable back to Proto-Hellenic *dā́mos, but the further origin is given by Beekes 2010 only after older etymological works as a possibly feminine Proto-Indo-European *deh₂mos (“people”) from *deh₂- (“to divide”), whence also δαίομαι (daíomai), hence literally meaning “part”. The justification for this reconstruction as well as its gender is an obsolete comparison to Old Welsh dauu (“client”), Welsh daw, dawf (“son-in-law”), Old Cornish dof (“son-in-law”), Old Irish dám (“company”), now connected to *dṓm (“house, home”) (see them), so it is not much more than a racist origin myth for modern European democratic societies; by the same token, reverse racism, Martin Bernal in his as well controversial Black Athena 2006 deemed the Greek and Mycenian term loaned from Egyptian dmj (“town, village”), a comparison that does not appear to correspond to modern information on Egyptian pronunciation however (see it).
Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]δῆμος • (dêmos) m (genitive δήμου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Koine)
- district, country, land
- the inhabitants of a district or land
- the common people
- free citizens, sovereign people
- 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 1011:
- δοκοῦντα καὶ δόξαντ’ ἀπαγγέλλειν με χρὴ δήμου προβούλοις τῆσδε Καδμείας πόλεως:
- dokoûnta kaì dóxant’ apangéllein me khrḕ dḗmou proboúlois têsde Kadmeías póleōs:
- It is my duty to announce the will and decrees of the council on behalf of the people of this our Cadmean city.
- δοκοῦντα καὶ δόξαντ’ ἀπαγγέλλειν με χρὴ δήμου προβούλοις τῆσδε Καδμείας πόλεως:
- popular government, democracy
- popular assembly
- 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 565b:
- ἀναγκάζονται δὴ οἶμαι ἀμύνεσθαι, λέγοντές τε ἐν τῷ δήμῳ καὶ πράττοντες ὅπῃ δύνανται
- anankázontai dḕ oîmai amúnesthai, légontés te en tôi dḗmōi kaì práttontes hópēi dúnantai
- [they] are compelled to defend themselves by speeches in the assembly and any action in their power
- ἀναγκάζονται δὴ οἶμαι ἀμύνεσθαι, λέγοντές τε ἐν τῷ δήμῳ καὶ πράττοντες ὅπῃ δύνανται
- township, commune; deme
- name for a prostitute
- faction in a circus
Declension
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ δῆμος ho dêmos |
τὼ δήμω tṑ dḗmō |
οἱ δῆμοι hoi dêmoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ δήμου toû dḗmou |
τοῖν δήμοιν toîn dḗmoin |
τῶν δήμων tôn dḗmōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ δήμῳ tôi dḗmōi |
τοῖν δήμοιν toîn dḗmoin |
τοῖς δήμοις toîs dḗmois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν δῆμον tòn dêmon |
τὼ δήμω tṑ dḗmō |
τοὺς δήμους toùs dḗmous | ||||||||||
Vocative | δῆμε dême |
δήμω dḗmō |
δῆμοι dêmoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
[edit]- Αἰνεσῐ́δημος (Ainesídēmos)
- ἀλλόδημος (allódēmos)
- Ἀριστόδημος (Aristódēmos)
- Ἀρχέδημος (Arkhédēmos)
- αὐξῐ́δημος (auxídēmos)
- δήμαρχος (dḗmarkhos)
- δημεραστής (dēmerastḗs)
- δημεύω (dēmeúō)
- δημεχθής (dēmekhthḗs)
- δημήγορος (dēmḗgoros)
- δημηλᾰσῐ́ᾱ (dēmēlasíā)
- δημοβόρος (dēmobóros)
- δημογέρων (dēmogérōn)
- δημοεγερτής (dēmoegertḗs)
- δημοειδής (dēmoeidḗs)
- δημοθεές (dēmotheés)
- δημοθοινέω (dēmothoinéō)
- δημόθροος (dēmóthroos)
- δημοκηδής (dēmokēdḗs)
- Δημοκήδης (Dēmokḗdēs)
- Δημοκλείδης (Dēmokleídēs)
- δημοκλῑ́ναρχος (dēmoklī́narkhos)
- δημόκοινος (dēmókoinos)
- δημοκόλαξ (dēmokólax)
- δημοκοπέω (dēmokopéō)
- δημόκραντος (dēmókrantos)
- Δημοκράτης (Dēmokrátēs)
- Δημόκριτος (Dēmókritos)
- δημοκρᾰτέομαι (dēmokratéomai)
- δημόλευστος (dēmóleustos)
- Δημολέων (Dēmoléōn)
- δημολογέω (dēmologéō)
- δημολᾰ́λητος (dēmolálētos)
- Δημονίκη (Dēmoníkē)
- δημοποίητος (dēmopoíētos)
- δημόπρακτος (dēmópraktos)
- δημοπρᾱ́της (dēmoprā́tēs)
- δημοπῐ́θηκος (dēmopíthēkos)
- δημορρῐφής (dēmorrhiphḗs)
- Δημοσθένης (Dēmosthénēs)
- δημόσσοος (dēmóssoos)
- δημοσσόος (dēmossóos)
- δημοστροφέω (dēmostrophéō)
- δημοσώστης (dēmosṓstēs)
- δημοτελής (dēmotelḗs)
- δημοτερπής (dēmoterpḗs)
- δημοῦχος (dēmoûkhos)
- δημόφαντος (dēmóphantos)
- δημοφθόρος (dēmophthóros)
- Δημοφῶν (Dēmophôn)
- δημοφᾰ́γος (dēmophágos)
- δημοφᾰνής (dēmophanḗs)
- Δημοφᾰ́νης (Dēmophánēs)
- δημοφῐλής (dēmophilḗs)
- δημοχᾰρής (dēmokharḗs)
- δημώδης (dēmṓdēs)
- δημωφελής (dēmōphelḗs)
- δημᾰγωγός (dēmagōgós)
- Δημᾰ́ρᾱτος (Dēmárātos)
- δημᾰ́ρᾱτος (dēmárātos)
- ἔκδημος (ékdēmos)
- ἔνδημος (éndēmos)
- ἐπιδήμιος (epidḗmios)
- ἐπῐ́δημος (epídēmos)
- Εὔδημος (Eúdēmos)
- Εὐθύδημος (Euthúdēmos)
- ἐχεδημῐ́ᾱ (ekhedēmíā)
- Κλείδημος (Kleídēmos)
- κοινόδημος (koinódēmos)
- κρουσῐδημέω (krousidēméō)
- Μενέδημος (Menédēmos)
- μῑσόδημος (mīsódēmos)
- Νῑκόδημος (Nīkódēmos)
- ὁμόδημος (homódēmos)
- πάνδημος (pándēmos)
- πολῠ́δημος (polúdēmos)
- Τῑμόδημος (Tīmódēmos)
- Φῐλόδημος (Philódēmos)
- φῐλόδημος (philódēmos)
- Χαρίδημος (Kharídēmos)
- ᾰ̓́δημος (ádēmos)
- ᾰ̓πόδημος (apódēmos)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “δῆμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “δῆμος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- δῆμος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- δῆμος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- δῆμος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G1218 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 325
- Bernal, Martin (2006) Black Athena. Volume III. The Linguistic Evidence, New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, →ISBN, page 415
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]δῆμος • (dêmos) m (genitive δήμου); second declension
Declension
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ δῆμος ho dêmos |
τὼ δήμω tṑ dḗmō |
οἱ δῆμοι hoi dêmoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ δήμου toû dḗmou |
τοῖν δήμοιν toîn dḗmoin |
τῶν δήμων tôn dḗmōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ δήμῳ tôi dḗmōi |
τοῖν δήμοιν toîn dḗmoin |
τοῖς δήμοις toîs dḗmois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν δῆμον tòn dêmon |
τὼ δήμω tṑ dḗmō |
τοὺς δήμους toùs dḗmous | ||||||||||
Vocative | δῆμε dême |
δήμω dḗmō |
δῆμοι dêmoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Synonyms
[edit]- κᾰτᾰνάγκη (katanánkē)
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek properispomenon terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension
- Epic Greek
- Attic Greek
- Ionic Greek
- Koine Greek
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- Ancient Greek terms with rare senses
- grc:Legumes