вӧвны

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Komi-Zyrian

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Etymology

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Suppletive:

This same suppletion happened in many Uralic languages, including Finnish olla and Hungarian van.

The direct descendant of Proto-Uralic *le- still exists in Komi-Zyrian as лоны (lony, to become).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈʋɘʋnɯ/, [ˈʋɘʋnɯ̈]
  • Hyphenation: вӧв‧ны

Verb

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вӧвны (vövny)

  1. (copulative) to be

Usage notes

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  • In the present tense, the copulative is omitted, except in the third-person singular эм (em), which is used to express possession, location and emphasis. Compare a similar usage of the Russian copulative быть (bytʹ).

Conjugation

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Conjugation of вӧвны
Present tense Future tense
positive negative positive negative
1st singular лоа (loa) ог ло (og lo)
2nd singular лоан (loan) он ло (on lo)
3rd singular лоас (loas) оз ло (oz lo)
1st plural лоам (loam) ог лоӧй (og loöj)
2nd plural
лоанныд (loannyd)
он лоӧй (on loöj)
3rd plural лоасны (loasny) оз лоӧй (oz loöj)
Direct past tense Reported past tense
positive negative positive negative
1st singular вӧлі (völi) эг вӧв (eg vöv)
2nd singular вӧлін (völin) эн вӧв (en vöv) вӧлӧмыд (völömyd) абу вӧлӧмыд (abu völömyd)
3rd singular вӧлі (völi) эз вӧв (ez vöv) вӧлӧма (völöma) абу вӧлӧма (abu völöma)
1st plural вӧлім (völim) эг вӧлӧй (eg völöj)
2nd plural вӧлінныд (völinnyd)
эн вӧлӧй (en völöj) вӧлӧмныд (völömnyd) абу вӧлӧмныд (abu völömnyd)
3rd plural вӧліны (völiny) эз вӧлӧй (ez völöj) вӧлӧмаӧсь (völömaöś) абу вӧлӧмаӧсь (abu völömaöś)
Imperative
positive negative
2nd singular ло (lo) эн ло (en lo) Infinitive вӧвны (vövny)
2nd plural лоӧй (loöj) эн лоӧй (en loöj) Present participle лоысь (loyś)
*) The impersonal reported past is expressed using the third singular form.
**) The first person imperative is expressed using the first person future form.
***) Any form ending in -ӧй has an alternative form ending in .
****) The imperfect and perfect participles have alternative forms with a paragogic .
Imperfect participle лоан (loan)
Perfect participle лоӧм (loöm)
Caritive participle лотӧм (lotöm)
Nominal inflection of вӧвны
Impersonal First person Second person Third person
Nominative вӧвны (vövny) вӧвным (vövnym) вӧвныд (vövnyd) вӧвныс (vövnys)
Accusative вӧвнытӧ (vövnytö) вӧвнысӧ (vövnysö)

References

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  • A. I. Podorova, editor (1948), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], Syktyvkar: Коми Государственное Издательство, page 46
  • Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 123
  • L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 114