гавкам
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Bulgarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Onomatopoeic, from гав (gav, “bark, caw”) + -кам (-kam). Compare Proto-Slavic *gavati.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]га́вкам • (gávkam) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (intransitive) to bark, to roar, to caw
- (intransitive, figurative) to cuss, to swear, to scold
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of га́вкам (conjugation 3, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | га́вкащ gávkašt |
га́вкал, гавка́л1 gávkal, gavkál1 |
га́вкал gávkal |
— | га́вкайки gávkajki | |
| definite subject form | га́вкащият gávkaštijat |
га́вкалият, гавка́лият1 gávkalijat, gavkálijat1 |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | га́вкащия gávkaštija |
га́вкалия, гавка́лия1 gávkalija, gavkálija1 |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | га́вкаща gávkašta |
га́вкала, гавка́ла1 gávkala, gavkála1 |
га́вкала gávkala |
— | ||
| definite | га́вкащата gávkaštata |
га́вкалата, гавка́лата1 gávkalata, gavkálata1 |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | га́вкащо gávkašto |
га́вкало, гавка́ло1 gávkalo, gavkálo1 |
га́вкало gávkalo |
— | га́вкане gávkane | |
| definite | га́вкащото gávkaštoto |
га́вкалото, гавка́лото1 gávkaloto, gavkáloto1 |
— | — | га́вкането gávkaneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | га́вкащи gávkašti |
га́вкали, гавка́ли1 gávkali, gavkáli1 |
га́вкали gávkali |
— | га́вкания, га́вканета gávkanija, gávkaneta | |
| definite | га́вкащите gávkaštite |
га́вкалите, гавка́лите1 gávkalite, gavkálite1 |
— | — | га́вканията, га́вканетата gávkanijata, gávkanetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | га́вкам gávkam |
га́вкаш gávkaš |
га́вка gávka |
га́вкаме gávkame |
га́вкате gávkate |
га́вкат gávkat | |
| imperfect | га́вках gávkah |
га́вкаше gávkaše |
га́вкаше gávkaše |
га́вкахме gávkahme |
га́вкахте gávkahte |
га́вкаха gávkaha | |
| aorist | га́вках, гавка́х1 gávkah, gavkáh1 |
га́вка, гавка́1 gávka, gavká1 |
га́вка, гавка́1 gávka, gavká1 |
га́вкахме, гавка́хме1 gávkahme, gavkáhme1 |
га́вкахте, гавка́хте1 gávkahte, gavkáhte1 |
га́вкаха, гавка́ха1 gávkaha, gavkáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and га́вкал/гавка́л1 m, га́вкала/гавка́ла1 f, га́вкало/гавка́ло1 n, or га́вкали/гавка́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and га́вкал/гавка́л1 m, га́вкала/гавка́ла1 f, га́вкало/гавка́ло1 n, or га́вкали/гавка́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and га́вкал/гавка́л1 m, га́вкала/гавка́ла1 f, га́вкало/гавка́ло1 n, or га́вкали/гавка́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and га́вкал/гавка́л1 m, га́вкала/гавка́ла1 f, га́вкало/гавка́ло1 n, or га́вкали/гавка́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and га́вкал m, га́вкала f, га́вкало n, or га́вкали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and га́вкал/гавка́л1 m, га́вкала/гавка́ла1 f, га́вкало/гавка́ло1 n, or га́вкали/гавка́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and га́вкал/гавка́л1 m, га́вкала/гавка́ла1 f, га́вкало/гавка́ло1 n, or га́вкали/гавка́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and га́вкал/гавка́л1 m, га́вкала/гавка́ла1 f, га́вкало/гавка́ло1 n, or га́вкали/гавка́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and га́вкал m, га́вкала f, га́вкало n, or га́вкали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and га́вкал/гавка́л1 m, га́вкала/гавка́ла1 f, га́вкало/гавка́ло1 n, or га́вкали/гавка́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and га́вкал/гавка́л1 m, га́вкала/гавка́ла1 f, га́вкало/гавка́ло1 n, or га́вкали/гавка́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and га́вкал m, га́вкала f, га́вкало n, or га́вкали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and га́вкал/гавка́л1 m, га́вкала/гавка́ла1 f, га́вкало/гавка́ло1 n, or га́вкали/гавка́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and га́вкал/гавка́л1 m, га́вкала/гавка́ла1 f, га́вкало/гавка́ло1 n, or га́вкали/гавка́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and га́вкал/гавка́л1 m, га́вкала/гавка́ла1 f, га́вкало/гавка́ло1 n, or га́вкали/гавка́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and га́вкал/гавка́л1 m, га́вкала/гавка́ла1 f, га́вкало/гавка́ло1 n, or га́вкали/гавка́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| га́вкай gávkaj |
га́вкайте gávkajte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Alternative forms
[edit]- джа́вкам (džávkam)
Related terms
[edit]- гав (gav, “caw”)
- га́вка (gávka, “crow, rook”) (dialectal)
- гавед (gaved, “wild beasts”) (dialectal, collective)
References
[edit]- “гавкам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “гавкам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гавкам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 221