наложа

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Old Church Slavonic наложити (naložiti), from Proto-Slavic *naložiti (“to set up”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nɐˈɫɔʒɐ]

Verb

нало́жа • (nalóža) first-singular present indicative, pf (imperfective нала́гам)

1. (transitive) to stack, to pile up
2. (transitive) to lay on top of, to superimpose
3. (transitive) to apply (a medicinal substance, bandage, etc.)
4. (transitive) to impose

   Президентът наложи глоба на Китай.

   Prezidentǎt naloži globa na Kitaj.

   The President imposed a sanction on China.

5. (colloquial, transitive) to punish corporally
6. (reflexive) to require
7. (reflexive) to establish oneself (in a position of pre-eminence)

   Наложи се като могъщ шахматист.

   Naloži se kato mogǎšt šahmatist.

   He established himself as a powerful chess player.

8. (reflexive) to defeat in a competition

Usage notes

Most common in its reflexive third-person form. In this construction, наложа се is taken to mean it is necessary, etc., e.g.:

Наложи се да ядем удома.

Naloži se da jadem udoma.

It was necessary for us to eat at home.

Note that it is necessary is often abridged in translation to sb. must, has to, etc., depending on the formality of the context in question.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of нало́жа (conjugation 2.1, perfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	—	нало́жил nalóžil	нало́жел nalóžel	нало́жен nalóžen		—
	definite subject form	—	нало́жилият nalóžilijat	—	нало́женият nalóženijat
	definite object form	—	нало́жилия nalóžilija	—	нало́жения nalóženija
feminine	indefinite	—	нало́жила nalóžila	нало́жела nalóžela	нало́жена nalóžena
	definite	—	нало́жилата nalóžilata	—	нало́жената nalóženata
neuter	indefinite	—	нало́жило nalóžilo	нало́жело nalóželo	нало́жено nalóženo	—
	definite	—	нало́жилото nalóžiloto	—	нало́женото nalóženoto	—
plural	indefinite	—	нало́жили nalóžili	нало́жели nalóželi	нало́жени nalóženi	—
	definite	—	нало́жилите nalóžilite	—	нало́жените nalóženite	—

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		нало́жа nalóža	нало́жиш nalóžiš	нало́жи nalóži	нало́жим nalóžim	нало́жите nalóžite	нало́жат nalóžat
imperfect		нало́жех nalóžeh	нало́жеше nalóžeše	нало́жеше nalóžeše	нало́жехме nalóžehme	нало́жехте nalóžehte	нало́жеха nalóžeha
aorist		нало́жих nalóžih	нало́жи nalóži	нало́жи nalóži	нало́жихме nalóžihme	нало́жихте nalóžihte	нало́жиха nalóžiha
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and нало́жил m, нало́жила f, нало́жило n, or нало́жили pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and нало́жил m, нало́жила f, нало́жило n, or нало́жили pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and нало́жил m, нало́жила f, нало́жило n, or нало́жили pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and нало́жил m, нало́жила f, нало́жило n, or нало́жили pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and нало́жел m, нало́жела f, нало́жело n, or нало́жели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and нало́жил m, нало́жила f, нало́жило n, or нало́жили pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and нало́жил m, нало́жила f, нало́жило n, or нало́жили pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and нало́жил m, нало́жила f, нало́жило n, or нало́жили pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and нало́жел m, нало́жела f, нало́жело n, or нало́жели pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and нало́жил m, нало́жила f, нало́жило n, or нало́жили pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and нало́жил m, нало́жила f, нало́жило n, or нало́жили pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and нало́жел m, нало́жела f, нало́жело n, or нало́жели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and нало́жил m, нало́жила f, нало́жило n, or нало́жили pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and нало́жил m, нало́жила f, нало́жило n, or нало́жили pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and нало́жил m, нало́жила f, нало́жило n, or нало́жили pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and нало́жил m, нало́жила f, нало́жило n, or нало́жили pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			наложи́ naloží			наложе́те naložéte

    Conjugation of нало́жа се (conjugation 2.1, perfective, reflexive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	—	нало́жил се nalóžil se	нало́жел се nalóžel se	—		—
	definite subject form	—	нало́жилият се nalóžilijat se	—	—
	definite object form	—	нало́жилия се nalóžilija se	—	—
feminine	indefinite	—	нало́жила се nalóžila se	нало́жела се nalóžela se	—
	definite	—	нало́жилата се nalóžilata se	—	—
neuter	indefinite	—	нало́жило се nalóžilo se	нало́жело се nalóželo se	—	—
	definite	—	нало́жилото се nalóžiloto se	—	—	—
plural	indefinite	—	нало́жили се nalóžili se	нало́жели се nalóželi se	—	—
	definite	—	нало́жилите се nalóžilite se	—	—	—

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		нало́жа се nalóža se	нало́жиш се nalóžiš se	нало́жи се nalóži se	нало́жим се nalóžim se	нало́жите се nalóžite se	нало́жат се nalóžat se
imperfect		нало́жех се nalóžeh se	нало́жеше се nalóžeše se	нало́жеше се nalóžeše se	нало́жехме се nalóžehme se	нало́жехте се nalóžehte se	нало́жеха се nalóžeha se
aorist		нало́жих се nalóžih se	нало́жи се nalóži se	нало́жи се nalóži se	нало́жихме се nalóžihme se	нало́жихте се nalóžihte se	нало́жиха се nalóžiha se
future	pos.	Use ще се followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да се followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да се and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да се followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and нало́жил се m, нало́жила се f, нало́жило се n, or нало́жили се pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and нало́жил се m, нало́жила се f, нало́жило се n, or нало́жили се pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and нало́жил се m, нало́жила се f, нало́жило се n, or нало́жили се pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and нало́жил се m, нало́жила се f, нало́жило се n, or нало́жили се pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and нало́жел се m, нало́жела се f, нало́жело се n, or нало́жели се pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and нало́жил се m, нало́жила се f, нало́жило се n, or нало́жили се pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да се and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да се and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and нало́жил се m, нало́жила се f, нало́жило се n, or нало́жили се pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and нало́жил се m, нало́жила се f, нало́жило се n, or нало́жили се pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and нало́жел се m, нало́жела се f, нало́жело се n, or нало́жели се pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and нало́жил се m, нало́жила се f, нало́жило се n, or нало́жили се pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да се and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да се and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and нало́жил се m, нало́жила се f, нало́жило се n, or нало́жили се pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and нало́жел се m, нало́жела се f, нало́жело се n, or нало́жели се pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and нало́жил се m, нало́жила се f, нало́жило се n, or нало́жили се pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да се and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да се and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and нало́жил се m, нало́жила се f, нало́жило се n, or нало́жили се pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and нало́жил се m, нало́жила се f, нало́жило се n, or нало́жили се pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and нало́жил се m, нало́жила се f, нало́жило се n, or нало́жили се pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			наложи́ се naloží se			наложе́те се naložéte se