शीर्ष

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शीर्ष (śīrṣa). Doublet of सीस (sīs), which was inherited.

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃiːɾʂ/, [ʃiːɾʃ]

Noun

शीर्ष • (śīrṣ) m (Urdu spelling شیرش)

1. head, apex, top

   सरकार में शीर्ष पद ― sarkār mẽ śīrṣ pad ― top posts in the government

2. (geometry) vertex (of a triangle)

Declension

Declension of शीर्ष (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शीर्ष śīrṣ	शीर्ष śīrṣ
oblique	शीर्ष śīrṣ	शीर्षों śīrṣõ
vocative	शीर्ष śīrṣ	शीर्षो śīrṣo

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “शीर्ष”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শীৰ্ষ (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬷᬃᬱ (Balinese script)
• শীর্ষ (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰱𑰨𑰿𑰬 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀻𑀭𑁆𑀱 (Brahmi script)
• ၐီရ္ၑ (Burmese script)
• શીર્ષ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ੀਰ੍ਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑍀𑌰𑍍𑌷 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦷꦂꦰ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂲𑂩𑂹𑂭 (Kaithi script)
• ಶೀರ್ಷ (Kannada script)
• ឝីឞ៌ (Khmer script)
• ຨີຣ຺ຩ (Lao script)
• ശീര്ഷ (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᡳᡳᡵᢢᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘲𑘨𑘿𑘬 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠢᠢᠷᢔᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧓𑧈𑧠𑧌 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐷𑐬𑑂𑐲 (Newa script)
• ଶୀର୍ଷ (Odia script)
• ꢯꢷꢬ꣄ꢰ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆵𑆫𑇀𑆰 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖱𑖨𑖿𑖬 (Siddham script)
• ශීර්‍ෂ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩑𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑪀 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚯𑚤𑚶 (Takri script)
• ஶீர்ஷ (Tamil script)
• శీర్ష (Telugu script)
• ศีรฺษ (Thai script)
• ཤཱི་རྵ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒲𑒩𑓂𑒭 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨁𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨯 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śr̥Hsá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćr̥Hšá, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱérh₂-sō, from *ḱerh₂- (“head, horn”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κάρα (kára), Old English hærn (whence English harns). Collateral to Vedic Sanskrit शीर्षन् (śīrṣán).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕiːɾ.ʂɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɕiːɾ.ʂɐ/

Noun

शीर्ष • (śīrṣá) stem, n

1. (anatomy) head, skull

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of शीर्ष (śīrṣá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शीर्षम् śīrṣám	शीर्षे śīrṣé	शीर्षाणि / शीर्षा¹ śīrṣā́ṇi / śīrṣā́¹
Vocative	शीर्ष śī́rṣa	शीर्षे śī́rṣe	शीर्षाणि / शीर्षा¹ śī́rṣāṇi / śī́rṣā¹
Accusative	शीर्षम् śīrṣám	शीर्षे śīrṣé	शीर्षाणि / शीर्षा¹ śīrṣā́ṇi / śīrṣā́¹
Instrumental	शीर्षेण śīrṣéṇa	शीर्षाभ्याम् śīrṣā́bhyām	शीर्षैः / शीर्षेभिः¹ śīrṣaíḥ / śīrṣébhiḥ¹
Dative	शीर्षाय śīrṣā́ya	शीर्षाभ्याम् śīrṣā́bhyām	शीर्षेभ्यः śīrṣébhyaḥ
Ablative	शीर्षात् śīrṣā́t	शीर्षाभ्याम् śīrṣā́bhyām	शीर्षेभ्यः śīrṣébhyaḥ
Genitive	शीर्षस्य śīrṣásya	शीर्षयोः śīrṣáyoḥ	शीर्षाणाम् śīrṣā́ṇām
Locative	शीर्षे śīrṣé	शीर्षयोः śīrṣáyoḥ	शीर्षेषु śīrṣéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• शीर्षासन (śīrṣāsana)
• मार्गशीर्ष (mārgaśīrṣa)

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Chilisso: šiš
  • Kalasha: ݜِݜ
  • Kamkata-viri: ṣīṣ
  • Phalura: ݜݜ (ṣiṣ), ݜیݜ (ṣīṣa)
  • Shina: ݜݜ (ṣĭṣ), ݜیݜ (ṣīṣ), ݜںݜ (ṣĭ̃ṣu)
    • Indus Kohistani: ݜِݜ (šiš), شِش (ṣiṣ)
    • Kohistani Shina: ݜیݜو (ṣīṣo)
  • Savi: ṣiṣ
• Pali: sīsa, sīsaka
• Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲 (sissa), 𑀲𑀻𑀲 (sīsa)
  • Central:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲 (sissa)
      • Braj: सीस (sīs)
      • Gujarati: શીસ (śīs)
      • Hindustani: sīs
        • Hindi: सीस
        • Urdu: سِیس (sīs)
      • Romani:
        • Baltic Romani: sīs
  • Eastern:
    • Magadhi Prakrit:
      • Assamese: শীহ (xih)
      • Bengali: শীষ (śiś)
      • Bihari: सिस (sis)
        • Maithili: सीसा (sīsā)
      • Odia: ସୀସା (sisa)
  • Southern:
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Dhivehi: އިސް (is), އިހު (ihu)
      • Sinhalese: ඉහ (iha)
    • Maharastri Prakrit:
      • Konkani: śisaru

        Devanagari script: शिसरु (śisru)

        Latin script: xisoru

        Kannada script: ಶಿಸರು

      • Marathi: शीस (śīs), शींस (śīusa)
  • Western:
    • Paisaci Prakrit:
      • Takka Apabhramsa:
        • Punjabi: sīs, sīsā

          Gurmukhi script: ਸੀਸ, ਸੀਸਾ

          Shahmukhi script: سِیس, سِیسَا

      • Vracada Apabhramsa:
        • Sindhi: sisī

          Arabic script: سِسِي

          Devanagari script: सिसी

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “शीर्ष”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1078.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sirsa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 724