ἧλος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ἇλος (hâlos) — Doric
• ϝάλλοι (wálloi) — Aeolic

Etymology

According to Beekes, because of the Aeolic variation the word could be equated to Latin vallus (“stake, pole”), which is from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hɛ̂ː.los/ → /ˈi.los/ → /ˈi.los/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hɛ̂ː.los/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)e̝.los/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.los/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.los/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.los/

Noun

ἧλος • (hêlos) m (genitive ἥλου); second declension

1. nailhead, stud
2. (in general) nail
3. (pathology) wart, callus (also on plants)

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ ἧλος; τοῦ ἥλου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ἧλος ho hêlos	τὼ ἥλω tṑ hḗlō	οἱ ἧλοι hoi hêloi
Genitive	τοῦ ἥλου toû hḗlou	τοῖν ἥλοιν toîn hḗloin	τῶν ἥλων tôn hḗlōn
Dative	τῷ ἥλῳ tôi hḗlōi	τοῖν ἥλοιν toîn hḗloin	τοῖς ἥλοις toîs hḗlois
Accusative	τὸν ἧλον tòn hêlon	τὼ ἥλω tṑ hḗlō	τοὺς ἥλους toùs hḗlous
Vocative	ἧλε hêle	ἥλω hḗlō	ἧλοι hêloi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἀργυρόηλος (arguróēlos)
• ἡλάριον (hēlárion)
• ἡλίσκος (hēlískos)
• ἡλῖτις (hēlîtis)
• ἡλόκεντρον (hēlókentron)
• ἡλοκοπέω (hēlokopéō)
• ἡλοπαγής (hēlopagḗs)
• ἡλόπληκτος (hēlóplēktos)
• ἡλοποιός (hēlopoiós)
• ἡλόω (hēlóō)

 

Descendants

• Greek: ήλος (ílos)

Further reading

• “ἧλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἧλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἧλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN