Ἠώς

See also: ἠώς

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• Αὔως (Aúōs) — Aeolic
• Ἕως (Héōs) — Attic
• Ἀώς (Aṓs) — Doric

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *auhṓs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsōs (“dawn”), which was also personified as a goddess of dawn in Proto-Indo-European religion.

Cognates include Latin Aurora, aurora, Sanskrit उषस् (uṣás, “dawn; Ushas”) and possibly Old English Ēostre.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ɛː.ɔ̌ːs/ → /iˈos/ → /iˈos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɛː.ɔ̌ːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /e̝ˈos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /iˈos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /iˈos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iˈos/

• Hyphenation: Ἠ‧ώς

Proper noun

Ἠώς • (Ēṓs) f (genitive Ἠοῦς); third declension

1. (Greek mythology) the goddess Eos
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.477, (same line is repeated numerous times in both the Iliad and the Odyssey to announce a new day in the story.):

     ἦμος δ’ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς

     êmos d’ ērigéneia phánē rhododáktulos Ēṓs

     When rosy-fingered Dawn appeared early-born

Inflection

Irregular declension of Ἠώς; Ἠοῦς (Ionic, Epic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	Ἠώς Ēṓs
Genitive	Ἠοῦς Ēoûs
Dative	Ἠοῖ Ēoî
Accusative	Ἠῶ / Ἠοῦν Ēô / Ēoûn
Vocative	Ἠώς Ēṓs
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Synonyms

• (Eos, goddess of the dawn): Ἠρῐγένειᾰ (Ērigéneia)

Related terms

• ἠώς (ēṓs)

Descendants

• Greek: Ηώς (Iós)
• → Latin: Ēōs
  • → French: Éos

References

• “ἠώς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press