天花
Chinese
[edit]day; sky; heaven | flower; blossom; to spend flower; blossom; to spend; fancy pattern | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (天花) | 天 | 花 | |
simp. #(天花) | 天 | 花 | |
Literally: “heaven flower”. |
Etymology
[edit]Originally the Chinese translation of several Sanskrit and Pali words, including Sanskrit खपुष्प (khapuṣpa, “flower in the sky”), as well as several plant names, such as Sanskrit दिव्यपुष्प (divyapuṣpa, “oleander [heaven-flower]”) / Pali devapuppha, and Sanskrit शालपुष्प (śālapuṣpa, “confederate rose [house-flower]”).
The development from “heaven-flower” (or other interpretations of the combination) to “smallpox” is unknown. It may be due to the shape resemblance of smallpox pustules to the divine flowers in Buddhism. Compare Tibetan ལྷ་འབྲུམ (lha 'brum, “smallpox [deva-pustule]”), མེ་ཏོག (me tog, “flower; (dialectal) smallpox”), and Mongolian ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ
ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ (salkin čečeg) / салхин цэцэг (salxin ceceg, “smallpox; chickenpox [wind-flower]”).
Pronunciation
[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tin1 faa1
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): tiĕng-huă
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1thi-ho
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄏㄨㄚ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tianhua
- Wade–Giles: tʻien1-hua1
- Yale: tyān-hwā
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tianhua
- Palladius: тяньхуа (tjanʹxua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄏㄨㄚㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tianhuar
- Wade–Giles: tʻien1-hua1-ʼrh
- Yale: tyān-hwār
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tianhual
- Palladius: тяньхуар (tjanʹxuar)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: tin1 faa1
- Yale: tīn fā
- Cantonese Pinyin: tin1 faa1
- Guangdong Romanization: tin1 fa1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiːn⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiên-fâ
- Hakka Romanization System: tien´ fa´
- Hagfa Pinyim: tian1 fa1
- Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ fa²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tiĕng-huă
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰieŋ⁵⁵ (h-)ŋua⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Magong, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-hoe
- Tâi-lô: thian-hue
- Phofsit Daibuun: tienhoef
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: tiang1 huê1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiang hue
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ hue³³/
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: then xwae
Noun
[edit]天花
- (Buddhism) flower of the sky; divine flower, stated in the Lotus Sutra as of four kinds, two white and two red
- (literary, poetic) snowflake; snow
- (pathology) smallpox; variola
- Short for 天花板 (tiānhuābǎn, “ceiling”).
Synonyms
[edit]- (flower of the sky): 天華/天华, 空華/空华
- (snowflake): 雪花 (xuěhuā)
- (smallpox): 天然痘 (tiānrándòu); (TCM) 痘瘡/痘疮 (dòuchuāng)
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 天花板 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 天花板 |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 天花板 |
Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 天棚, 仰棚 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 天花板 |
Xining | 仰塵, 頂棚, 天花板 | |
Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 仰塵, 頂棚 |
Ürümqi | 仰塵, 天花板 | |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 天花板, 天花板兒 |
Guiyang | 天花板 | |
Liuzhou | 天花板 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 天花板 |
Yangzhou | 天花板 | |
Cantonese | Hong Kong | 天花板, 天花 |
Dongguan | 浪層, 天花板 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 天花板 |
Lichuan | 天花板 | |
Pingxiang | 天花板 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 天花板 |
Yudu | 天花板, 倒板, 天棚 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 天花板 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 仰塵, 頂棚, 天花板 cement |
Xinzhou | 幔子, 仰塵 | |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 天花板 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 天花板 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 天羅板, 天篷 |
Quanzhou | 天篷 | |
Taipei | 天篷 | |
New Taipei (Sanxia) | 天花板, 天篷 | |
Kaohsiung | 天篷, 天遮 | |
Yilan | 天篷, 天遮 | |
Taichung | 天篷 | |
Tainan | 天篷 | |
Hsinchu | 天篷 | |
Kinmen | 天花板 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 天遮 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 天花板 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 倒吊枋 | |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 天花板 |
Wu | Shanghai | 天花板 |
Shanghai (Chongming) | 天面 | |
Suzhou | 天花板 | |
Danyang | 天花板 | |
Hangzhou | 天花板 | |
Ningbo | 天花板 | |
Jinhua | 天花板 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 天花板 |
Loudi | 天花板 |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
天 | 花 |
てん Grade: 1 |
か Grade: 1 |
on’yomi |
Noun
[edit]- snow
- a flower that blossoms in the Buddhist heaven by their tale.
- lotus-petal-shaped confetti scattering before the mortuary tablet.
- Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit
- Chinese terms derived from Pali
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- zh:Buddhism
- Chinese literary terms
- Chinese poetic terms
- zh:Diseases
- Chinese short forms
- Japanese terms spelled with 天 read as てん
- Japanese terms spelled with 花 read as か
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with two Han script characters