ꦏꦿꦩ

Javanese

Javanese writing system
Carakan	ꦏꦿꦩ
Roman	krama, kromo

Etymology

From Old Javanese krama (“course, order; state, condition; conduct, behaviour; custom”), from Sanskrit क्रम (krama, “manner”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Standard: Yogyakarta, Surakarta) /krɔmɔ/, (Banyumasan) /krama/

Noun

ꦏꦿꦩ (krama)

1. behaviour
2. politeness
3. character
4. a register emphasizing politeness
   1. (linguistics) Polite register of the Javanese language.
   2. (linguistics) Polite terms used in the Javanese polite register.
5. to marry
6. spouse

Compounds

• ꦏꦿꦩꦔꦺꦴꦏꦺꦴ (krama ngoko, “lowest-level variety of krama”)
• ꦏꦿꦩꦢꦺꦱ (krama dèsa, “variety of krama spoken in rural area”)
• ꦏꦿꦩꦩꦢꦾ (krama madya, “middle-level variety of krama”)
• ꦏꦿꦩꦲꦤ꧀ꦝꦥ꧀ (krama andhap)
• ꦏꦿꦩꦲꦶꦁꦒꦶꦭ꧀ (krama inggil, “top-level variety of krama”)

 

Descendants

• Banyumasan: krama
• → Indonesian: kromo

Further reading

• The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta (2015) “krama”, in Kamus Basa Jawa (Bausastra Jawa) [Javanese Language Dictionary (Javanese Dictionary)] (in Javanese), Yogyakarta: Kanisius, →ISBN