πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

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Gothic

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Etymology

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πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πƒ (anamahts, β€œtyranny, reproach”) +‎ -𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-jan)

Verb

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πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (anamahtjan)

  1. to do wrong
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, 7:12:
      𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌰, 𐌽𐌹 𐌹𐌽 πŒΈπŒΉπƒ πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπŒ½πƒ, 𐌽𐌹 𐌹𐌽 πŒΈπŒΉπƒ πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ½πƒ, 𐌰𐌺 𐌳𐌿 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ πŒΏπƒπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏπŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½ πŒΏπŒ½πƒπŒ°π‚πŒ° πŒΈπ‰πŒ΄πŒΉ π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚ πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌼 π…πŒΉπŒΈπ‚πŒ° πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ 𐌹𐌽 πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³π…πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΈπŒΎπŒ° πŒ²πŒΏπŒ³πŒΉπƒ.
      aΓΎΓΎan jabai mΔ“lida, ni in ΓΎis anamahtjandins, ni in ΓΎis anamahtidins, ak du gabairhtjan usdaudein unsara þōei faur izwis habam wiΓΎra izwis in andwairΓΎja gudis.
      Wherefore, though I wrote unto you, I did it not for his cause that had done the wrong, nor for his cause that suffered wrong, but that our care for you in the sight of God might appear unto you. (KJV)
  2. to defraud
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Mark 10:19:
      πŒΈπ‰πƒ πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ±πŒΏπƒπŒ½πŒΉπŒ½πƒ πŒΊπŒ°πŒ½π„: 𐌽𐌹 πŒ·π‰π‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πƒ; 𐌽𐌹 πŒΌπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΈπ‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ; 𐌽𐌹 πŒ·πŒ»πŒΉπ†πŒ°πŒΉπƒ; 𐌽𐌹 πƒπŒΉπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ πŒ²πŒ°πŒ»πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ΄πŒΉπ„π…π‰πŒ³πƒ; 𐌽𐌹 πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ; πƒπ…πŒ΄π‚πŒ°πŒΉ πŒ°π„π„πŒ°πŒ½ 𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰.
      þōs anabusnins kant: ni hōrinōs; ni maurΓΎrjais; ni hlifais; ni sijais galiugaweitwōds; ni anamahtjais; swΔ“rai attan ΓΎeinana jah aiΓΎein ΓΎeina.
      Thou knowest the commandments, Do not commit adultery, Do not kill, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Defraud not, Honour thy father and mother. (KJV)
  3. to do violence
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Matthew 11:12:
      π†π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΏπŒ· 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼 πŒΉΜˆπ‰πŒ·πŒ°πŒ½πŒ½πŒΉπƒ πŒΈπŒΉπƒ πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏπ€πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπŒ½πƒ 𐌿𐌽𐌳 πŒ·πŒΉπ„πŒ° πŒΈπŒΉπŒΏπŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ²πŒ°π‚πŒ³πŒΉ 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌴 πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πƒ π†π‚πŒ°π…πŒΉπŒ»π…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³ πŒΈπ‰.
      framuh ΓΎan ΓΎaim dagam ïōhannis ΓΎis daupjandins und hita ΓΎiudangardi himinΔ“ anamahtjada, jah anamahtjandans frawilwand þō.
      And from the days of John the Baptist until now the kingdom of heaven suffereth violence, and the violent take it by force. (KJV)
  4. to ill-treat, abuse
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Luke 6:28:
      𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 πŒΈπŒ°πŒ½πƒ π†π‚πŒ°πŒ΅πŒΉπŒΈπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πƒ πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ; 𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳 π†π‚πŒ°πŒΌ 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΌ πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ.
      ΓΎiuΓΎjaiΓΎ ΓΎans fraqiΓΎandans izwis; bidjaid fram ΓΎaim anamahtjandam izwis.
      Bless them that curse you, and pray for them which despitefully use you. (KJV)
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Luke 18:32:
      πŒ°π„πŒ²πŒΉπŒ±πŒ°πŒ³πŒ° 𐌰𐌿𐌺 πŒΈπŒΉπŒΏπŒ³π‰πŒΌ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌱𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ° 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ€πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°,
      atgibada auk þiudōm jah bilaikada jah anamahtjada jah bispeiwada,
      For he shall be delivered unto the Gentiles, and shall be mocked, and spitefully entreated, and spitted on: (KJV)
  5. to accuse falsely
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Luke 3:14b:
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌡𐌰𐌸 𐌳𐌿 𐌹𐌼: 𐌽𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌷𐌿𐌽 πŒ·π‰πŒ»π‰πŒΈ, 𐌽𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌷𐌿𐌽 πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 π…πŒ°πŒ»πŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ πŒ°πŒ½πŒ½π‰πŒΌ πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌ.
      jah qaþ du im: ni mannanhun hōlōþ, ni mannanhun anamahtjaid jah waldaiþ annōm izwaraim.
      And he said unto them, Do violence to no man, neither accuse any falsely; and be content with your wages. (KJV)

Conjugation

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Class 1 weak
Infinitive πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
anamahtjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°
anamahtja
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
anamahtida
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
anamahtjada
2nd singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
anamahteis
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
anamahtidΔ“s
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
anamahtjaza
3rd singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
anamahteiΓΎ
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
anamahtida
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
anamahtjada
1st dual πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπ‰πƒ
anamahtjōs
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
anamahtidΔ“du
2nd dual πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
anamahtjats
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
anamahtidΔ“duts
1st plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
anamahtjam
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
anamahtidΔ“dum
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
anamahtjanda
2nd plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
anamahteiΓΎ
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
anamahtidΔ“duΓΎ
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
anamahtjanda
3rd plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
anamahtjand
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
anamahtidΔ“dun
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
anamahtjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
anamahtjau
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
anamahtidΔ“djau
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
anamahtjaidau
2nd singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
anamahtjais
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
anamahtidΔ“deis
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
anamahtjaizau
3rd singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
anamahtjai
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
anamahtidΔ“di
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
anamahtjaidau
1st dual πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
anamahtjaiwa
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
anamahtidΔ“deiwa
2nd dual πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
anamahtjaits
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
anamahtidΔ“deits
1st plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
anamahtjaima
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
anamahtidΔ“deima
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
anamahtjaindau
2nd plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
anamahtjaiΓΎ
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
anamahtidΔ“deiΓΎ
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
anamahtjaindau
3rd plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
anamahtjaina
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
anamahtidΔ“deina
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
anamahtjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒ΄πŒΉ
anamahtei
3rd singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
anamahtjadau
2nd dual πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
anamahtjats
2nd plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
anamahteiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
anamahtjandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
anamahtjands
πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
anamahtiΓΎs

Further reading

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  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 88