๐Œฐ๐‚๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ

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Gothic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *arjanฤ…, from Proto-Indo-European *hโ‚‚รฉryeti. Cognate to Old English erian, Old Norse erja, and to the first element of Koine Greek แผ€ฯฮฟฯ„ฯฮนฮฌฯ‰ (arotriรกล), which it translates.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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๐Œฐ๐‚๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ โ€ข (arjan)

  1. (hapax) to plough (to use a plough)
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Luke 17:7:
      ๐ˆ๐Œฐ๐ƒ ๐Œธ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ ๐Œน๐Œถ๐…๐Œฐ๐‚๐Œฐ ๐ƒ๐Œบ๐Œฐ๐Œป๐Œบ ๐Œฐ๐Œน๐Œฒ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œณ๐ƒ ๐Œฐ๐‚๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œณ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ ๐Œฐ๐Œน๐Œธ๐Œธ๐Œฐ๐Œฟ ๐Œท๐Œฐ๐Œป๐Œณ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œณ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ, ๐ƒ๐Œฐ๐Œด๐Œน ๐Œฐ๐„๐Œฒ๐Œฐ๐Œฒ๐Œฒ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œณ๐Œน๐Œฝ ๐Œฐ๐† ๐Œท๐Œฐ๐Œน๐Œธ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œน ๐Œต๐Œน๐Œธ๐Œฐ๐Œน: ๐ƒ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐ƒ ๐Œท๐Œน๐Œฝ๐Œณ๐Œฐ๐‚๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œธ ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œฟ๐Œท๐Œบ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œฑ๐Œด๐Œน?
      ฦ•as รพan izwara skalk aigands arjandan aiรพรพau haldandan, saei atgaggandin af haiรพjai qiรพai: suns hindarleiรพ anuhkumbei?
      But which of you, having a servant plowing or feeding cattle, will say unto him by and by, when he is come from the field, Go and sit down to meat? (KJV)

Conjugation

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Only attested in the accusative singular of the present participle: ๐Œฐ๐‚๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œณ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ (arjandan), which is not enough to determine the conjugation. In Old High German, it is a class 7 strong verb, but in all other Germanic languages, it is class 1 weak, while the root's phonological shape could also suggest class 6 strong.

See also

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Further reading

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