๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œฐ

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Gothic

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Etymology

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Contains the comparative suffix -๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œฐ (-uma). The root is ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *แธฑley- (โ€œto lean, inclineโ€), with a sense of "crooked, slack". Compare Old Irish clรฉ (โ€œleftโ€) and Latin clฤซvius (โ€œinauspiciousโ€) from the same root. The origin of the ๐Œณ (d) is unclear, but Lehmann (1986) suggests derivation from a formation similar to Proto-Germanic *hlฤซdล (โ€œslopeโ€).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /หˆhliห.du.ma/, [หˆhliห.รฐu.ma]

Adjective

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๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œฐ โ€ข (hleiduma)

  1. left (west side of the body when one is facing north)
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Second Epistle to the Corinthians (Codex Ambrosianus B) 6.7:[1]
      ๐Œน๐Œฝ ๐…๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐‚๐Œณ๐Œฐ ๐ƒ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œพ๐‰๐ƒ, ๐Œน๐Œฝ ๐Œผ๐Œฐ๐Œท๐„๐Œฐ๐Œน ๐Œฒ๐Œฟ๐Œณ๐Œน๐ƒ, ๐Œธ๐Œฐ๐Œน๐‚๐Œท ๐…๐Œด๐€๐Œฝ๐Œฐ ๐Œฒ๐Œฐ๐‚๐Œฐ๐Œน๐Œท๐„๐Œด๐Œน๐Œฝ๐ƒ ๐„๐Œฐ๐Œน๐Œท๐ƒ๐…๐‰๐Œฝ๐Œฐ ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œท ๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐‰๐Œฝ๐Œฐ,
      in waurda sunjลs, in mahtai gudis, รพairh wฤ“pna garaihteins taihswลna jah hleidumลna,
      By the word of truth, by the power of God, by the armour of righteousness on the right hand and on the left, (KJV).
      (literally, โ€œ [โ€ฆ] through weapons of righteousness, the right ones and the left ones,โ€)
  2. (feminine) left (left hand; the left side)
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Matthew (Codex Argenteus) 6.3:[2]
      ๐Œน๐Œธ ๐Œธ๐Œฟ๐Œบ ๐„๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œณ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ ๐Œฐ๐‚๐Œผ๐Œฐ๐Œน๐‰๐Œฝ ๐Œฝ๐Œน ๐…๐Œน๐„๐Œน ๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œด๐Œน ๐Œธ๐Œด๐Œน๐Œฝ๐Œฐ, ๐ˆ๐Œฐ ๐„๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œพ๐Œน๐Œธ ๐„๐Œฐ๐Œน๐Œท๐ƒ๐…๐‰ ๐Œธ๐Œด๐Œน๐Œฝ๐Œฐ,
      iรพ รพuk taujandan armaiลn ni witi hleidumei รพeina, ฦ•a taujiรพ taihswล รพeina,
      But when thou doest alms, let not thy left hand know what thy right hand doeth: (KJV).
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Mark (Codex Argenteus) 15.27:[3]
      ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œท ๐Œผ๐Œน๐Œธ ๐Œน๐Œผ๐Œผ๐Œฐ ๐Œฟ๐ƒ๐Œท๐‚๐Œฐ๐Œผ๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œด๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ ๐„๐…๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐ƒ ๐…๐Œฐ๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œด๐Œณ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐ƒ, ๐Œฐ๐Œน๐Œฝ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œฐ ๐Œฐ๐† ๐„๐Œฐ๐Œน๐Œท๐ƒ๐…๐‰๐Œฝ ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œท ๐Œฐ๐Œน๐Œฝ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œฐ ๐Œฐ๐† ๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œด๐Œน๐Œฝ ๐Œน๐ƒ.
      jah miรพ imma ushramidฤ“dun twans waidฤ“djans, ainana af taihswลn jah ainana af hleidumein is.
      And with him they crucify two thieves; the one on his right hand, and the other on his left. (KJV).

Declension

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The accusative plural neuter form is attested as ๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐‰๐Œฝ๐Œฝ๐Œฐ (hleidumลnna) in Codex Ambrosianus A, apparently a misspelling; Codex Ambrosianus B has the expected ๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐‰๐Œฝ๐Œฐ (hleidumลna).

An/ฤซn-stem, weak forms only
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative ๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œฐ
hleiduma
๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œด๐Œน
hleidumei
๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐‰
hleidumล
Accusative ๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ
hleiduman
๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œด๐Œน๐Œฝ
hleidumein
๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐‰
hleidumล
Genitive ๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œน๐Œฝ๐ƒ
hleidumins
๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œด๐Œน๐Œฝ๐ƒ
hleidumeins
๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œน๐Œฝ๐ƒ
hleidumins
Dative ๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œน๐Œฝ
hleidumin
๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œด๐Œน๐Œฝ
hleidumein
๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œน๐Œฝ
hleidumin
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative ๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐ƒ
hleidumans
๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œด๐Œน๐Œฝ๐ƒ
hleidumeins
๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐‰๐Œฝ๐Œฐ
hleidumลna
Accusative ๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐ƒ
hleidumans
๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œด๐Œน๐Œฝ๐ƒ
hleidumeins
๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐‰๐Œฝ๐Œฐ
hleidumลna
Genitive ๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œด
hleidumanฤ“
๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œด๐Œน๐Œฝ๐‰
hleidumeinล
๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œด
hleidumanฤ“
Dative ๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œฐ๐Œผ
hleidumam
๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œด๐Œน๐Œผ
hleidumeim
๐Œท๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œณ๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œฐ๐Œผ
hleidumam

Antonyms

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Hypernyms

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References

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  1. ^ Corinthians II chapter 6 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
  2. ^ Matthew chapter 6 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
  3. ^ Mark chapter 15 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.

Further reading

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