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Belarusian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьje. Compare Polish -ie, -e, Russian -ье (-ʹje), -ие (-ije), -ьё (-ʹjó), Ukrainian (-ja), (-a).

Pronunciation

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  • (after ' or ў) IPA(key): [je]
  • (after ш, ч, ж) : IPA(key): [a]
  • (after other consonants) IPA(key): [ʲe]

Suffix

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(-je)

  1. Abstract noun suffix; forms part of larger suffixes such as -э́нне (-énnje) or -а́нне (-ánnje), and exists on its own especially as a suffix added to compound words.
    без- (bjez-, without) + ‎люд (ljud, people) + ‎ (-je) → ‎бязлю́ддзе (bjazljúddzje, absence of people)
    но́вы (nóvy, new) + ‎-а- (-a-) + ‎сялі́ць (sjalícʹ, to settle) + ‎ (-je) → ‎навасе́лле (navasjéllje, housewarming)
    над- (nad-, above) + ‎хма́ра (xmára, cloud) + ‎ (-je) → ‎надхма́р'е (nadxmárʺje, area above the clouds; (poetic) skies, heavens)
    па- (pa-, across, along) + ‎грані́ца (hraníca, border) + ‎ (-je) → ‎паграні́чча (pahraníčča, region along the border)
    за- (za-) + ‎ці́хі (cíxi, quiet, still) + ‎ (-je) → ‎заці́шша (zacíšša, lull, calm)
    без- (bjez-, without) + ‎даро́га (daróha, path) + ‎ (-je) → ‎бездаро́жжа (bjezdaróžža, impassibility)
  2. Suffix used to create names of locations in conjunction with prefixes.
    за- (za-) + ‎Каўка́з (Kaŭkáz, Caucasus) + ‎ (-je) → ‎Закаўка́ззе (Zakaŭkázzje, Transcaucasia)
    пры- (pry-) + ‎Днестр (Dnjestr, Dniester) + ‎-о́вы (-óvy) + ‎ (-je) → ‎Прыднястро́ўе (Prydnjastróŭje, Transnistria)

Usage notes

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  • When appended onto a stem ending in a velar consonant, the Slavic first palatalization applies, upon which the suffix becomes (-a), as in бездаро́жжа (bjezdaróžža).
  • Otherwise, when appended onto a stem ending in a single palatalizable consonant, that consonant is usually geminated and reflected as such in spelling. The exception is в which becomes ў, e.g. пры- (pry-) + сло́ва (slóva) + (-je)прысло́ўе (pryslóŭje) rather than *прысло́вве (*pryslóvvje).
  • When appended onto a stem ending in р, the suffix generally becomes -'е (-ʺje), as in надхма́р'е (nadxmárʺje), although (-a) is also possible; see паве́тра (pavjétra).
  • Syllable stress is usually drawn onto the syllable before the suffix.

Derived terms

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Chuvash

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Suffix

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(-e)

  1. Variant of (-a) after front vowels

Macedonian

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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(-en

  1. Appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually to form a diminutive or as an expression of endearment.
    прст m (prst) + ‎ (-e) → ‎прсте n (prste)
    еж m () + ‎ (-e) → ‎еже n (eže)
    нос m (nos) + ‎ (-e) → ‎носе n (nose)
    кукла f (kukla) + ‎ (-e) → ‎кукле n (kukle)
    мома f (moma) + ‎ (-e) → ‎моме n (mome)
    книга f (kniga) + ‎ (-e) → ‎книже n (kniže)

Derived terms

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Mongolian

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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(-e)

  1. front vowel harmonic form of (-ja)

Russian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Suffix

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(-e)

  1. Alternative form of (-o): Suffix added to adjectives to produce adverbs; highly productive; used in place of (-o) after palatal consonants, hushing consonants (ч ш щ ж) and ц
    злове́щий (zlovéščij, ominous) + ‎ (-e) → ‎злове́ще (zlovéšče, ominously)
    неуклю́жий (neukljúžij, clumsy, awkward) + ‎ (-e) → ‎неуклю́же (neukljúže, clumsily, awkwardly)
    изли́шний (izlíšnij, excessive) + ‎ (-e) → ‎изли́шне (izlíšne, excessively)
    кра́йний (krájnij, extreme, utmost) + ‎ (-e) → ‎кра́йне (krájne, extremely, very, too)
    вне́шний (vnéšnij, outward, outer) + ‎ (-e) → ‎вне́шне (vnéšne, outwardly, externally, outside, outdoors)
    дю́жий (djúžij, hefty; very strong (low colloquial)) + ‎ (-e) → ‎дю́же (djúže, very (colloquial, dialectal))
Usage notes
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Suffix

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(-e)

  1. Used to form comparatives from adjectives and adverbs ending in a velar, ie. х г к.
    ти́хий (tíxij, quiet) + ‎ (-e) → ‎ти́ше (tíše, quieter)
    ти́хо (tíxo, quietly) + ‎ (-e) → ‎ти́ше (tíše, more quietly)
Usage notes
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  • This ending is always unstressed, and palatalizes the final velar of the stem.
  • The endings -ее (-eje) or -е́е (-éje) are used when the stem does not end in a velar.

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ę.

Suffix

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(Latin spelling -e)

  1. Suffix appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually denoting a young animal, plant, place name or is used as a collective noun.
Declension
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Suffix

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(Latin spelling -e)

  1. Suffix appended to the truncated stem (up to the second syllable) of a proper name to create a masculine or feminine hypocoristic.
    Катари́на + ‎ → ‎Ка́те
    Ма̀рија + ‎ → ‎Ма́ре
    Ју̏ра̄ј + ‎ → ‎Ју́ре
    Ма̀тија + ‎ → ‎Ма́те

Etymology 3

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-e, from Proto-Indo-European *-e, not a desinence per se but a thematic vowel in e-grade.

Suffix

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(Latin spelling -e)

  1. Suffix appended to the nominal stem to create vocative singular. Used for masculine and neuter a-stems.
    ву̑к + ‎ → ‎ву̑че (vocative singular)

See also

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