Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laibijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *lībaną +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɑi̯.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*laibijaną

1. to leave behind, to leave remaining

Inflection

Conjugation of *laibijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*laibijō	*laibijaų	—	*laibijai	?
2nd singular	*laibīsi	*laibijais	*laibī	*laibijasai	*laibijaisau
3rd singular	*laibīþi	*laibijai	*laibijaþau	*laibijaþai	*laibijaiþau
1st dual	*laibijōs	*laibijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*laibijaþiz	*laibijaiþiz	*laibijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*laibijamaz	*laibijaim	—	*laibijanþai	*laibijainþau
2nd plural	*laibīþ	*laibijaiþ	*laibīþ	*laibijanþai	*laibijainþau
3rd plural	*laibijanþi	*laibijain	*laibijanþau	*laibijanþai	*laibijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*laibidǭ	*laibidēdį̄
2nd singular	*laibidēz	*laibidēdīz
3rd singular	*laibidē	*laibidēdī
1st dual	*laibidēdū	*laibidēdīw
2nd dual	*laibidēdudiz	*laibidēdīdiz
1st plural	*laibidēdum	*laibidēdīm
2nd plural	*laibidēdud	*laibidēdīd
3rd plural	*laibidēdun	*laibidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*laibijandz	*laibidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *laibijan
  • Old English: lǣfan
    • Middle English: leven, leaven, lefven
      • English: leave
      • Scots: leve, leif
      • Yola: laave, lea, lee
  • Old Frisian: lēva
  • Old Saxon: lēvian
    • Middle Low German: lêven
  • Old High German: leiben
    • Middle High German: leiben
• Old Norse: leifa
  • Icelandic: leifa
  • Faroese: leiva
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål: leive
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: leiva, leive
  • Old Swedish: lēva
    • Swedish: leva (obsolete)
  • Old Gutnish: laifa
• Gothic: *𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*laibjan) (in 𐌱𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bilaibjan))