Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stikjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *stikiz (“a sticking, prick”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstik.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*stikjaną

1. To stick
2. To stitch

Inflection

Conjugation of *stikjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stikjō	*stikjaų	—	*stikjai	?
2nd singular	*stikisi	*stikjais	*stiki	*stikjasai	*stikjaisau
3rd singular	*stikiþi	*stikjai	*stikjaþau	*stikjaþai	*stikjaiþau
1st dual	*stikjōs	*stikjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*stikjaþiz	*stikjaiþiz	*stikjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*stikjamaz	*stikjaim	—	*stikjanþai	*stikjainþau
2nd plural	*stikiþ	*stikjaiþ	*stikiþ	*stikjanþai	*stikjainþau
3rd plural	*stikjanþi	*stikjain	*stikjanþau	*stikjanþai	*stikjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stikidǭ	*stikidēdį̄
2nd singular	*stikidēz	*stikidēdīz
3rd singular	*stikidē	*stikidēdī
1st dual	*stikidēdū	*stikidēdīw
2nd dual	*stikidēdudiz	*stikidēdīdiz
1st plural	*stikidēdum	*stikidēdīm
2nd plural	*stikidēdud	*stikidēdīd
3rd plural	*stikidēdun	*stikidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*stikjandz	*stikidaz

Related terms

• *stikaną
• *stikkōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *stikkjan
  • Old English: *stiċċan, stiċċian
    • Middle English: stichen, sticchen, stychyn
      • English: stitch
      • Scots: steek
  • Old Frisian: *stikka, *stitza
    • West Frisian: stikke
  • Old Saxon: *stikkian
    • Middle Low German: sticken
  • Old Dutch: *stikken
    • Middle Dutch: sticken
      • Dutch: stikken
  • Old High German: sticken
    • Middle High German: sticken
      • German: sticken
  • → Old French: estichier, estiquer
• Old Norse: *stikkja (only attested in passive stikkjask)
  • Icelandic: stikkjast
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: stikkjast