Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tiunijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *teuną (“ruin, lack, damage”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtiu̯.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*tiunijaną

1. to torture, torment, vex
2. to claim, use, appropriate

Inflection

Conjugation of *tiunijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*tiunijō	*tiunijaų	—	*tiunijai	?
2nd singular	*tiunīsi	*tiunijais	*tiunī	*tiunijasai	*tiunijaisau
3rd singular	*tiunīþi	*tiunijai	*tiunijaþau	*tiunijaþai	*tiunijaiþau
1st dual	*tiunijōs	*tiunijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*tiunijaþiz	*tiunijaiþiz	*tiunijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*tiunijamaz	*tiunijaim	—	*tiunijanþai	*tiunijainþau
2nd plural	*tiunīþ	*tiunijaiþ	*tiunīþ	*tiunijanþai	*tiunijainþau
3rd plural	*tiunijanþi	*tiunijain	*tiunijanþau	*tiunijanþai	*tiunijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*tiunidǭ	*tiunidēdį̄
2nd singular	*tiunidēz	*tiunidēdīz
3rd singular	*tiunidē	*tiunidēdī
1st dual	*tiunidēdū	*tiunidēdīw
2nd dual	*tiunidēdudiz	*tiunidēdīdiz
1st plural	*tiunidēdum	*tiunidēdīm
2nd plural	*tiunidēdud	*tiunidēdīd
3rd plural	*tiunidēdun	*tiunidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*tiunijandz	*tiunidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *tiunijan
  • Old English: tēonian, tīenan, tȳnan
    • Middle English: tenen, tinen (merged with Old English tēonian and Old Norse týna)
      • English: teen, tine
      • Scots: tyne
  • Old Frisian: tiūna, tiōna
    • West Frisian: tsjoene (“to hex, enchant, bewitch; to cast a spell”)
  • Old Saxon: *tiunian
    • ⇒ Old Saxon: gitiunian
• Old Norse: týna
  • Icelandic: týna
  • Faroese: týna
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: tyne
  • Norwegian Bokmål: tyne
  • Swedish: tyna
  • Danish: tyne