aguerrir

Catalan

Etymology

From a- +‎ guerra +‎ -ir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ə.ɣəˈri]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [a.ɣeˈriɾ]

Verb

aguerrir (first-person singular present aguerreixo, first-person singular preterite aguerrí, past participle aguerrit)

1. (transitive) to harden, especially by exposure to warfare
   • 2018, Joan Casanovas Fortea, Montcroix:

     Els anys a la presó l'han aguerrit i només és amic dels seus amics, la resta són prescindibles.

     The years in prison have hardened him and he is only a friend to his friends, the rest are expendable.

Usage notes

Only the past participle is in common use.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of aguerrir (third conjugation, with -eix-)

infinitive			aguerrir
gerund			aguerrint
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		aguerrit		aguerrida
		plural		aguerrits		aguerrides
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	aguerreixo	aguerreixes	aguerreix	aguerrim	aguerriu	aguerreixen
	imperfect	aguerria	aguerries	aguerria	aguerríem	aguerríeu	aguerrien
	future	aguerriré	aguerriràs	aguerrirà	aguerrirem	aguerrireu	aguerriran
	preterite	aguerrí	aguerrires	aguerrí	aguerrírem	aguerríreu	aguerriren
	conditional	aguerriria	aguerriries	aguerriria	aguerriríem	aguerriríeu	aguerririen
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	aguerreixi	aguerreixis	aguerreixi	aguerrim	aguerriu	aguerreixin
	imperfect	aguerrís	aguerrissis	aguerrís	aguerríssim	aguerríssiu	aguerrissin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	aguerreix	aguerreixi	aguerrim	aguerriu	aguerreixin
	negative (no)	—	no aguerreixis	no aguerreixi	no aguerrim	no aguerriu	no aguerreixin

Further reading

• “aguerrir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “aguerrir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

French

Etymology

From a- +‎ guerre +‎ -ir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.ɡɛ.ʁiʁ/, /a.ɡe.ʁiʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

aguerrir

1. to harden (become or make something resistant or less sensitive to)

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of aguerrir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	aguerrir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	aguerrissant /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sɑ̃/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		aguerri /a.ɡɛ.ʁi/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	aguerris /a.ɡɛ.ʁi/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi/	aguerris /a.ɡɛ.ʁi/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi/	aguerrit /a.ɡɛ.ʁi/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi/	aguerrissons /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sɔ̃/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sɔ̃/	aguerrissez /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.se/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.se/	aguerrissent /a.ɡɛ.ʁis/ or /a.ɡe.ʁis/
	imperfect	aguerrissais /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sɛ/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sɛ/	aguerrissais /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sɛ/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sɛ/	aguerrissait /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sɛ/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sɛ/	aguerrissions /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sjɔ̃/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sjɔ̃/	aguerrissiez /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sje/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sje/	aguerrissaient /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sɛ/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sɛ/
	past historic2	aguerris /a.ɡɛ.ʁi/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi/	aguerris /a.ɡɛ.ʁi/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi/	aguerrit /a.ɡɛ.ʁi/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi/	aguerrîmes /a.ɡɛ.ʁim/ or /a.ɡe.ʁim/	aguerrîtes /a.ɡɛ.ʁit/ or /a.ɡe.ʁit/	aguerrirent /a.ɡɛ.ʁiʁ/ or /a.ɡe.ʁiʁ/
	future	aguerrirai /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁe/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁe/	aguerriras /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁa/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁa/	aguerrira /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁa/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁa/	aguerrirons /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁɔ̃/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁɔ̃/	aguerrirez /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁe/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁe/	aguerriront /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁɔ̃/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	aguerrirais /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁɛ/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁɛ/	aguerrirais /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁɛ/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁɛ/	aguerrirait /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁɛ/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁɛ/	aguerririons /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁjɔ̃/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁjɔ̃/	aguerririez /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁje/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁje/	aguerriraient /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.ʁɛ/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	aguerrisse /a.ɡɛ.ʁis/ or /a.ɡe.ʁis/	aguerrisses /a.ɡɛ.ʁis/ or /a.ɡe.ʁis/	aguerrisse /a.ɡɛ.ʁis/ or /a.ɡe.ʁis/	aguerrissions /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sjɔ̃/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sjɔ̃/	aguerrissiez /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sje/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sje/	aguerrissent /a.ɡɛ.ʁis/ or /a.ɡe.ʁis/
	imperfect2	aguerrisse /a.ɡɛ.ʁis/ or /a.ɡe.ʁis/	aguerrisses /a.ɡɛ.ʁis/ or /a.ɡe.ʁis/	aguerrît /a.ɡɛ.ʁi/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi/	aguerrissions /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sjɔ̃/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sjɔ̃/	aguerrissiez /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sje/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sje/	aguerrissent /a.ɡɛ.ʁis/ or /a.ɡe.ʁis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	aguerris /a.ɡɛ.ʁi/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi/	—	aguerrissons /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.sɔ̃/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.sɔ̃/	aguerrissez /a.ɡɛ.ʁi.se/ or /a.ɡe.ʁi.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “aguerrir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.