chứng kiến
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Vietnamese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Sino-Vietnamese word from 證見, composed of 證 (“to prove”) and 見 (“to see”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦ kiən˧˦]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [t͡ɕɨŋ˦˧˥ kiəŋ˦˧˥]
- (Saigon) IPA(key): [cɨŋ˦˥ kiəŋ˦˥]
Verb
[edit]- to witness; to see
- chứng kiến sự đổi thay của đất nước ― to see the change of one's country
- (honorific) to grace with one's attendance