chauvinism

English

Etymology

Borrowed from French chauvinisme (“idealistic devotion to Napoleon”), named for Nicolas Chauvin, a legendary and excessively patriotic soldier of the French First Republic. The figure of Chauvin became especially famous as a character in the play La Cocarde Tricolore by the Cogniard brothers. The surname is from Latin Calvīnus, a Roman cognomen (whence also the surname Calvin and thereby English Calvinism), from the adjective calvus (“bald”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kl̥H- (“bald”)).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈʃəʊ.vɪ.nɪ.zəm/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈʃoʊ.vɪˌnɪzm̩/
• (General Australian) IPA^(key): /ˈʃəʊ.və.nɪ.zəm/

Noun

chauvinism (countable and uncountable, plural chauvinisms)

1. (derogatory) Excessive patriotism, eagerness for national superiority; jingoism.
2. (derogatory) Unwarranted bias, favoritism, or devotion to one's own particular group, cause, or idea.

   Feminists say that male chauvinism is still prevalent in cultures worldwide.

   • 1952, Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man, Penguin Books (2014), page 312:

     “This is an outrageous example of unconscious racial chauvinism!” Jack said.

Synonyms

• jingoism

Derived terms

• carbon chauvinism
• female chauvinism
• male chauvinism

 

Related terms

• chauvinist

Translations

excessive patriotism

• Albanian: shovinizëm (sq) m
• Arabic: شُوفِينِّيَّة f (šufinniyya)
• Armenian: շովինիզմ (hy) (šovinizm)
• Azerbaijani: şovinizm
• Belarusian: шавіні́зм m (šavinízm)
• Bulgarian: шовини́зъм (bg) m (šovinízǎm)
• Catalan: xovinisme (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 沙文主義／沙文主义 (zh) (shāwénzhǔyì), 盲目的愛國心／盲目的爱国心 (mángmù de àiguóxīn)

• Crimean Tatar: şovinizm
• Czech: šovinismus (cs) m, šovinizmus m
• Danish: chauvinisme c
• Dutch: chauvinisme (nl) n
• Esperanto: ŝovinismo
• Estonian: marurahvuslus, šovinism (et)
• Faroese: tjóðskaparreyp n
• Finnish: kiihkokansallisuus, kansalliskiihko (fi)
• French: chauvinisme (fr) m
• Georgian: შოვინიზმი (šovinizmi)
• German: Chauvinismus (de) m, Hurrapatriotismus (de) m, Hurra-Patriotismus m
• Greek: σωβινισμός (el) m (sovinismós), υπερεθνικοφροσύνη f (yperethnikofrosýni), υπερεθνικισμός m (yperethnikismós)
• Hebrew: שׁוֹבִינִיזְם (he) m (shovinizm)
• Hindi: अंध-देशभक्ति (andh-deśbhakti)
• Hungarian: sovinizmus (hu), magyarkodás (hu), mélymagyarkodás
• Indonesian: sauvinisme (id)
• Italian: sciovinismo (it) m
• Japanese: ショービニズム (shōbinizumu)
• Kazakh: шовинизм (şovinizm)
• Korean: 쇼비니즘 (ko) (syobinijeum)
• Kyrgyz: шовинизм (ky) (şovinizm)
• Latvian: šovinisms m
• Lithuanian: šovinizmas m
• Macedonian: шовини́зам m (šovinízam)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: sjåvinisme m

  Nynorsk: sjåvinisme m

• Persian: شوونیسم (šowvanism)
• Polish: szowinizm (pl) m
• Portuguese: chauvinismo (pt) m
• Romanian: șovinism (ro) n
• Russian: шовини́зм (ru) m (šovinízm)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: шовинизам m

  Roman: šovinizam (sh) m

• Slovak: šovinizmus m
• Slovene: šovinizem m
• Spanish: chovinismo (es) m, patrioterismo (es) m
• Swedish: chauvinism (sv) c
• Thai: ลัทธิคลั่งชาติ
• Turkish: şovenizm (tr)
• Ukrainian: шовіні́зм m (šovinízm)
• Uzbek: shovinizm (uz)
• Vietnamese: chủ nghĩa Sô vanh, chủ nghĩa Sôvanh

unwarranted bias

• Arabic: شُوفِينِّيَّة f (šufinniyya)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 沙文主義／沙文主义 (zh) (shāwénzhǔyì)

• Czech: šovinismus (cs) m, šovinizmus m
• Estonian: šovinism (et)
• Finnish: sovinismi (fi), šovinismi
• French: chauvinisme (fr) m
• Georgian: შოვინიზმი (šovinizmi)
• German: Chauvinismus (de) m
• Greek: σωβινισμός (el) m (sovinismós)
• Hebrew: שׁוֹבִינִיזְם (he) m (shovinizm)
• Hungarian: sovinizmus (hu), elfogultság (hu)
• Irish: seobhaineachas m
• Polish: szowinizm (pl) m
• Portuguese: chauvinismo (pt) m
• Romanian: șovinism (ro) n
• Russian: шовини́зм (ru) m (šovinízm)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: шовинизам m

  Roman: šovinizam (sh) m

• Spanish: chovinismo (es) m
• Swedish: chauvinism (sv) c

See also

• bigotry
• Chauvinism in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Swedish

Etymology

From French chauvinisme.

Noun

chauvinism c

1. chauvinism

Declension

Declension of chauvinism
	Uncountable
	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	chauvinism	chauvinismen	—	—
Genitive	chauvinisms	chauvinismens	—	—

Related terms

• chauvinist
• chauvinistisk

References

• chauvinism in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• chauvinism in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• chauvinism in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)