etja

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Icelandic

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Etymology

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From Old Norse etja, from Proto-Germanic *atjaną, from Pre-Germanic *h₃odéyeti, causative of Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (to hate).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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etja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative atti, supine att)

  1. (transitive, with dative) to incite, provoke, egg on

Conjugation

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Synonyms

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Old Norse

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Germanic *atjaną, from Pre-Germanic *h₃odéyeti, causative of Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (to hate).

Verb

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etja

  1. (transitive, with dative) to incite, egg (goad) on to fight
    etja hestum
    to make horses fight
    etja saman manndrápum
    to incite two parties to manslaughter
    • c. 850, Þjóðólfr ór Hvíni, Ynglingatal, verse 4
      [] þás meinþjóf / markar ǫttu
      setrs verjendr / á sinn fǫður. []
      When the warders of the pasture [PRINCES] incited the harm-thief of the marchlands [FIRE] against their father.
  2. (transitive, with accusative) to exhort
    etja til þolinmœði
    to exhort one to patience
  3. (transitive, with dative) to put forth
    hann etr fram skallanum
    he exposes his bare skull (to the blows)
  4. etja ráðum, hvárt ..., to consider, if …;
  5. to fight against
    etja við afls-mun (liðsmun), to fight against odds;
  6. (reflexive, with dative), to contend with one;
    ef menn etjast vitnum á
    if men contend (plead) with witnesses
Conjugation
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Descendants
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  • Icelandic: etja

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Germanic *atjaną, from *etaną + *-janą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (to eat).

Verb

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etja

  1. (transitive, with dative) to cause to be eaten
    etja heyvi, heyjum
    to feed cattle upon hay
Conjugation
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References

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  • etja”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press