mọi
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "moi"
Middle Vietnamese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Chinese 每 (MC mwojX|mwojH).
Determiner[edit]
mọi
Descendants[edit]
- Vietnamese: mọi
Etymology 2[edit]
From Proto-Vietic *mɔːlʔ (“human being”). Cognate with Muong mõl (“human being”). See mọi for details.
Noun[edit]
mọi
Descendants[edit]
- Vietnamese: mọi
References[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [mɔj˧˨ʔ]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [mɔj˨˩ʔ]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [mɔj˨˩˨]
Audio (Hà Nội): (file) Audio (Hồ Chí Minh City): (file)
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle Vietnamese mọi, a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 每 (“every, each”, SV: mỗi). Doublet of mỗi.
Determiner[edit]
- all
- Một người vì mọi người ! Mọi người vì một người !
- One for all! All for one!
Usage notes[edit]
Mỗi (SV) and mọi (non-SV) are doublets from the same Chinese etymon, but their meanings differ: mỗi emphasises individuality (“each”), while mọi emphasises collectivity (“every”).
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Descendants[edit]
- → Tai Dam: ꪢ꫁ꪮꪥ
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle Vietnamese mọi, from Proto-Vietic *mɔːlʔ (“human being”) (secondary borrowing from a Muong lect?); cognate with Muong mõl (“human being”).
Further origin uncertain:
- Schuessler (2007: 391,392) proposes that Vietic *mɔːlʔ is cognate to *c-mɔːlʔ (“digging stick”), as well as to such descendants of Proto-Mon-Khmer *jm(o:)l (“male”) as Old Khmer jmol (“male (of animals)”) (⇒ Khmer ឈ្មោល (chmool)), Old Mon jmūr ~ jmur (“male (elephant)”), Semelai rəmɔːl (“male”); according to Schuessler, both "male" and "digging stick" derived from a stem represented in Khmu [script needed] (crmɔɔl, “digging stick”), [script needed] (cmɔ:l, “to plant (rice) with digging stick”), and Old Khmer cval (“to enter, penetrate, (of animals) copulate”)[1] (⇒ Khmer ចូល (coul)).
- However, Ferlus did not deem Vietnamese mọi and Muong mõl to be derivatives of *čaar; instead, he relates them to Khmu [script needed] (hmmaːl, “soul”) (Ferlus: 55);
- If so, Proto-Vietic *mɔːlʔ (“human being”) would be a derivative of Proto-Mon-Khmer *smuul ~ smuəl ~ smaal ~ smal (“shadow, soul”) (Shorto, 2006: #1779); nevertheless, Shorto did not count Vietic items among reflexes of this root.[3]
Noun[edit]
References[edit]
Categories:
- Middle Vietnamese terms derived from Chinese
- Middle Vietnamese lemmas
- Middle Vietnamese determiners
- Middle Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic
- Middle Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic
- Middle Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Vietnamese terms with audio links
- Vietnamese terms inherited from Middle Vietnamese
- Vietnamese terms derived from Middle Vietnamese
- Vietnamese terms derived from Chinese
- Vietnamese doublets
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- Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic
- Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic
- Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer
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